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Diabetes Presentation templates

Here at slidesgo, we would like to help you raise awareness about diabetes, a metabolic disorder related to insulin and the levels of glucose in our blood. with these google slides & powerpoint templates, you can make sure that the audience will pay attention to your speech, as these slides will keep them focused on the screen and your explanations..

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Diabetes infographics.

Information on health issues requires pedagogical resources to make it understandable to others. At Slidesgo we have created this diabetes infographic template so that you can easily and entertainingly report on this disease. It contains numerous icons and illustrations to make the data more visual and easier to remember. With...

World Diabetes Day

Diabetes is a serious illness that affects millions of people all around the world, and making proper treatment, care and information accessible to everyone who needs it is an unresolved issue that needs more awareness. For reasons like these, the United Nations decided to establish November 14th as the World...

Type 2 Diabetes Breakthrough

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder with a high prevalence in the world. Hundreds of millions of people suffer from it every year. Basically, a person cannot produce enough insulin, which can cause very severe consequences. Are there news on the treatment of type 2 diabetes? Waste no time...

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Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes is diabetes that first appears during pregnancy. It usually occurs in the middle of the gestation period and it is necessary to take care of it so that it does not cause problems. For this, information is key, so we have created this beautiful pink template, with creative...

Diabetes Breakthrough: Insulin Increase

This is a modern template full of illustrations and resources that gives medical presentations a visual and creative touch. This design focuses on diabetes: a medical issue that affects the lives of millions of people. If you have investigated on this and have come up with a new treatment, these...

Diabetes Mellitus Breakthrough

Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that affects the way the body uses blood glucose. Many people in the world suffer from this disease, and we are sure that your breakthrough will give a new perspective to its diagnosis and treatment. Present it with this complete and impressive...

World Diabetes Day Infographics

Slidesgo is aware of how healthcare professionals love to have extra help when sharing information about diseases, treatments or breakthroughs. Today, we're releasing a series of infographic designs for presentations about diabetes, a serious illness that affects millions of people. Check them out! The main color used is blue, a...

Diabetes Devices and Technology Breakthrough

This modern and cool template is the perfect way to showcase the amazing breakthroughs in diabetes technologies and devices. With this template, you can easily present the latest developments to help treat and control diabetes. It features modern visuals and graphics that provide insight into the technology, as well as...

Treatment of Hypoglycemia Breakthrough

When the glucose levels in our blood drop below normal, our body can experience symptoms such as shakiness, confusion, sweating, and fatigue. A more correct name for this condition is hypoglycemia, but there's treatment (usually, ingesting sugar and carbohydrates), but perhaps there's more to it. Any new breakthrough in this...

Download the "Gestational Diabetes" presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides. Taking care of yourself and of those around you is key! By learning about various illnesses and how they are spread, people can get a better understanding of them and make informed decisions about eating, exercise, and seeking medical attention....

Kidney Diseases: Diabetic Nephropathy

Download the Kidney Diseases: Diabetic Nephropathy presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides. Taking care of yourself and of those around you is key! By learning about various illnesses and how they are spread, people can get a better understanding of them and make informed decisions about eating, exercise, and seeking...

Wolfram Syndrome Breakthrough

Download the Wolfram Syndrome Breakthrough presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides.Treating diseases involves a lot of prior research and clinical trials. But whenever there’s a new discovery, a revolutionary finding that opens the door to new treatments, vaccines or ways to prevent illnesses, it’s great news. Should there be a...

Type 2 Diabetes Disease

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the way the body processes glucose. With this disease, the patient's body does not produce enough insulin or is resistant to it. Share your research on this important disease using this modern and minimalist template designed in pastel colors, with which...

Happy World Diabetes Day!

Celebrate World Diabetes Day in style with our fully editable Google Slides and PowerPoint template. Complete with illuminating light green design and vivid photographs, it provides a perfect platform to give an informative presentation about diabetes, its varied types, and summarize significant research. It also offers a fantastic opportunity to...

Atypical Diabetic Ketoacidosis Case Report

Are you tired of scribbling notes on scratch paper, or worse - forgetting vital details about your patients' cases? Well, don’t worry about it anymore! We've got a template that will make organizing your atypical diabetic ketoacidosis case reports a breeze! This watercolor beauty features a gentle pastel palette with...

Diabetes Education Center

Running a medical center specialized on diabetes involves lots of organization and management. What is the admission procedure? How are patients going to be allocated? What fun/free time activities do you offer? That’s an important question to think about, because offering your patients activities to disconnect can improve their mental...

Diabetes Mellitus Disease

Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that affects the way the body uses blood glucose. Glucose is vital for health, as it is an important source of energy for the cells that make up muscles and tissues. Understanding a disease thoroughly is the first step to being able...

Diabetic Ketoacidosis Disease

When it comes to educating others about diseases, having a clear and organized presentation is key. With tools like this Google Slides and PowerPoint template, creating a comprehensive and professional-looking presentation has never been easier. For those looking to inform others about diabetic ketoacidosis disease, this is a perfect design....

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Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus Harvard Medical School

Published by Griffin Terry Modified over 6 years ago

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Presentation on theme: "Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus Harvard Medical School"— Presentation transcript:

TIME TO ACT Type 2 diabetes, the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in Europe CONTENTS Section One: Background to type 2 diabetes, the metabolic.

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By:RobertoValdovinos What is Diabetes? Medical disorder which raises the level of sugar in blood, especially after a meal Medical disorder which raises.

COMMON LIFESTYLE DISEASES

12a PowerPoint ® Lecture Outlines prepared by Dr. Lana Zinger, QCC  CUNY Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. FOCUS ON Your Risk for Diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus.

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Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by elevated levels of glucose in blood (hyperglycemia) Diabetes Mellitus.

DIABETES MELLITUS PATHOGENESIS, CLASSIFICATION, DIAGNOSIS.

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Free Diabetes Presentation Templates

Struggling with boring diabetes presentations download free diabetes powerpoint templates and google slides themes that are easy to use and understand. bright colors, creative visuals, and helpful infographics - make your message clear spread awareness about diabetes mellitus, including causes, symptoms, diets, etc. the best choice for doctors.

• Diverse themes: Explore slides dedicated to diabetic ketoacidosis, case studies, diet plans, and even captivating backgrounds for your chosen topic.
• World Diabetes Day: Celebrate this special day with slides that everyone will understand! It will help you raise awareness and make people want to learn more about keeping their sugar in check.
• Let creativity flow: Infographics, multicolor palettes, and a variety of layouts give your presentation a unique and impactful edge.
• Customization: All slides are 100% editable, allowing you to tailor them to your specific needs and add your own touch.
• Multiple formats: Choose from 4:3 or 16:9 aspect ratios, portrait or landscape orientations, and find slides that work seamlessly with any presentation platform.
• Free options to explore: A collection of diabetes PPT presentation free downloads available to let you experience the quality before investing further.
• Doctors, nurses, and teachers: Explain things clearly to patients, friends, and everyone else.
• People who spread the word about diabetes: Teach people how to stay healthy and avoid problems with sugar.
• People living with diabetes: Share your story and help others, or fight for better care with powerful pictures. It will help to share your experiences and make a difference!
• Conferences and workshops: Deliver impactful presentations at medical gatherings, community events, and educational seminars.
• Patient education sessions: Use clear visuals to explain complex topics to patients and families in an accessible and engaging way.
• Awareness campaigns: Create presentations that raise awareness about diabetes , its impact, and steps for prevention and management.
• Online presentations and webinars: Share your knowledge with a wider audience through online platforms using visually compelling slides.

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We offer a variety of templates for different topics, including awareness campaigns, patient education, research presentations, and more.

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DIABETES MELLITUS - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

DIABETES MELLITUS

Diabetes mellitus majuvy l. sulse msn, rn, ccrn lola oyedele msn, rn, ctn diabetes mellitus define chronic systemic disease characterized by either a deficiency of ... – powerpoint ppt presentation.

• CHRONIC SYSTEMIC DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY EITHER
• A DEFICIENCY OF INSULIN
• OR A DECREASED ABILITY OF THE BODY TO USE INSULIN (insulin resistant)
• CELL TYPES AND FUNCTION
• BETA - INSULIN
• HYPOGLYCEMIC FACTOR
• ALPHA - GLUCAGON
• HYPERGLYCEMIC FACTOR
• DELTA - SOMASTATIN
• INHIBITS SECRETION OF BOTH INSULIN AND GLUCAGON
• SKELETAL MUSCLE
• INCREASE UPTAKE OF GLUCOSE, CONVERT TO GLYCOGEN
• Increase uptake of glucose from blood and convert to glycogen
• Inhibits production of glycogenolysis
• Inhibits gluconeogenesis
• CARBOHYDRATES
• BREAKS DOWN TO GLUCOSE, INSULIN TRANSPORTS ACROSS CELL MEMBRANE
• ENZYMES BREAKS DOWN FOR ENERGY OR STORED AS GLYCOGEN
• INSULIN ENHANCES AMINO ACIDS TO PROTEIN
• FREE FATTY ACIDS TO ADIPOSE
• The process of breaking down material without insulin during metabolism is know as
• A. Ketogenesis
• B. Lipolysis
• C. Glycogenesis
• D. Catabolism
• ? BLOOD SUGAR INSULIN SECRETED FOR TRANSPORT INTO CELLS
• ? BLOOD SUGAR GLUCAGON SECRETED
• STIMULATES LIVER TO BREAKDOWN GLYCOGEN TO GLUCOSE RELEASE ( GLYCOGENESIS)
• METABOLISE AMINO ACIDS TO GLUCOSE
• LIPOLYSIS TO GLYCEROL ( GLUCONEOGENESIS)
• GROWTH HORMONE
• ? GLUCONEOGENESIS
• ? LIPOLYSIS
• ? USE OF GLUCOSE BY CELLS
• ? BLOOD SUGAR
• FAMILY HISTORY
• HISTORY OF GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE
• HIGH FAT DIET
• SEDENTARY LIFE STYLE
• IDDM ( 5-10)
• NIDDM ( 90)
• GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE
• FBS ? 110 BUT ? 126
• SECONDARY DIABETES
• 2ND TO DISEASE OR DISORDER
• GESTATIONAL DIABETES
• DURING PREGNANCY
• BETA CELL DESTRUCTION
• ( AUTOIMMUNE, VIRAL, GENETIC)
• INSULIN INSUFFICIENT TO SUSTAIN LIFE
• REQUIRES EXOGENOUS INSULIN
• REVERTS TO LIPOLYSIS GLUCONEOGENESIS
• ? 30 YEARS, THIN, ABRUPT ONSET
• POLYURIA, POLYDIPSIA, POLY PHASIA
• DEFECIENT INSULIN TO MEET BODY DEMANDS
• INSULIN RESISTENCE
• DOES NOT REVERT TO LIPOLYSIS OR GLUCONEOGENESIS
• ? 30 YEARS, OBESE, GRADUAL ONSET
• VAGUE, FATIGUE, IRRITABILITY, GRADUAL POLYURIA, POLYDIPSIA, POLYPHASIA
• Which of the following is true regarding Diabetes?
• Diabetes is an acute disorder that responds only to insulin
• Diabetes is curable
• Diabetes is characterized by an abnormality of carbohydrate metabolism
• Diabetes is not a significant cause of death.
• CANNOT STORE GLUCOSE AS GLYCOGEN
• FREE FATTY ACIDS BREAK DOWN KETONE BODIES
• HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA
• NO GLUCOSE FOR ENERGY, METABOLISE PROTEINS
• ADIPOSE TISSUE
• LIPOLYSIS FREE FATTY ACIDS
• KIDNEY CAN EXCRET 180 MG/DL
• (GLUSOSURIA)
• OSMOTIC DIURESIS (POLYURIA)
• FLUID VOLUME ELECTROLYTE DEPLEATION
• HYPOVOLEMIA THIRST (POLYDISPIA)
• ? GLUCOSE TO CELLS STARVATION (POLYPHAGIA)
• A diagnosis of diabetes suggests that a clients symptom of polyuria is most likely caused by
• A. Increased insulin levels promote a diuretic effect
• B. Glucose acting as a hypertonic agent, draws water from the intracellular fluid into the renal tubules
• C. Electrolyte changes lead to the retention of sodium and potassium
• D. Microvascular changes alter the effectiveness of the kidney
• FASTING BLOOD SUGAR ? 126
• RANDOM BLOOD SUGAR ? 200
• POST PRANDIAL BLOOD SUGAR ? 200
• GLYCOSYLATED HgB. (HgA1c) ? 7
• (life of RBC 120 days)
• GLYCOSYLATED ALBUMIN 1.52.7nmol/L
• PROMOTE PROPER NUTRITION
• PROMOTE EXERCISE
• ADMINISTER MEDICATION
• SULFONYLURES
• INCREASE RELEASE OF INSULIN
• ORINASE, TOLINASE
• GLUTROL, DIABETA
• WEIGHT GAIN, HYPOGLYCEMIA
• MEGLITINIDES
• PRANDIN, STARLIX
• REDUCE GLUCOSE BY LIVER, INCREASED INSULIN SENSATIVITY.
• DIRRHEA, LACTIC ACIDOSIS
• A-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS
• DECREASE ABSORPTION OF CARBOHYDRATES
• DIRRHEA, ABD PAIN
• THIAZOLIDINEDIONES
• INCREASE GLUCOSE UPTAKE
• ACTOSE, AVANDIA
• WEIGHT GAIN, EDEMA
• R/T LACK OF KNOWLEDGE OF DIETARY MANAGEMENT DIABETES
• CLIENT WILL STATE RELATIONSHIP OF DIETARY MANAGEMENT TO BLOOD GLUCOSE CONTROL
• CLIENT WILL CHOOSE FOODS THAT MEET CALORC NEEDS AND OFFER A WELL BALANCED DIET
• Carbohydrates 50-60
• 10 saturated ( animal fats)
• 10 polysaturated ( fish)
• 10 monounsaturated ( olive oil)
• Protein 10-20
• Fiber 40 gms daily
• Hypoglycemia BS below 60
• Insufficient food
• Missed meal, nausea/vomiting, interrupted enteral feeding
• Increased insulin
• ? dose, NPO exam, peak action of insulin
• Neuroglycopenic
• Undiagnosed type 1
• Know type 1
• Omission of insulin
• Illness/infection/ trauma/ surgery
• Cushing's syndrome/ hyperthyroid/ pregnancy
• Medications ( Dilantin)
• Criteria Blood sugar greater than 250
• Arterial Ph less than 7.30
• HCO3 less than 18
• ? cellular glucose gluconeogenesis glycogenolysis
• Free fatty acids metabolized ketone bodies
• Ketones release hydrogen ions
• Hydrogen ions exchanged for K at cell wall
• Kidney regulates ? K
• ? blood glucose ? osmotic pressure
• Kidney regulates diuresis ? Na
• Glucosuria, dehydration electrolyte imbalance
• Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
• Headache with blurred vision
• Nausea/vomiting r/t ? peristalsis
• ? respirations/ fruity breath
• Kussmaul's pattern
• Blood sugar 300-800
• Na ? ( reflect level of dehydration)
• K first ? (hydrogen ions exchanged for K at cell wall
• then ? (kidney regulates)
• ? Bun Creatinine
• ABGs metabolic acidosis
• Which terms would best describe the condition of a ketoacidotic client on admission?
• A. warm, flushed, dry
• B. Cool and clammy
• C. cool and dry
• D. Warm, pale and clammy
• Rehydration
• Replace electrolytes
• Vital signs hourly
• Blood sugar hourly
• Urine output hourly
• Cardiac monitor
• Hypovolemic shock
• Dysrhythmias
• Myocardial infarction
• Acute renal failure
• Hyperglycemia, Dehydration
• W/O acidosis ( enough insulin)
• Insidious onset
• ( tolerate polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia headache weakness)
• Dehydration R/T osmotic diuresis
• Hypovolemia ? glomerular filtration rate
• ? glucose retained
• ? Na retained
• ? osmolarity.
• Elderly, type 2 or mild type 1
• Burns, infection, renal heart disease
• Acute illness
• Dialysis, hyperalimentation
• Profound dehydration
• Blood sugar 600-2000
• ? BUN Creatinine
• Normal saline X 2 hours ( Isotonic)
• .45 normal saline (hypotonic)
• Electrolyte replacement
• Hourly vital signs, output,
• Skin r/t ?glucose moisture
• Vaginal R/T ?glucose altered Ph
• Macrovascular
• Atherosclerotic changes earlier greater frequency
• Coronary artery disease
• Cerebral vascular disease
• peripheral vascular disease
• Microvascular
• Unique to diabetics
• Thickening of basement membrane of capillaries
• Retinopathy -
• Nephropathy
• R/t vascular fragility
• Early - ? capillary permeability intra-retinal hemorrhage
• Moderate- macular edema, micro hemorrhage
• Progressive retinal ishemia, exudate, cotton-wool patches
• Advanced - neo-vascularization, retinal detachment, blind
• Accumulation of sorbitol in the lens
• Opacity gradual onset
• Similar to senile cataracts
• Most commonly affects peripheral nervous system
• Most common complication
• ? sensation ? motor function
• Parasthesia ( tingle- burn, numbness)
• Mononephropathy
• Sporadic, single focal area
• Symmetrical polyneuropathy
• Distal symmetrical pattern ( stocking, glove)
• Autonomic nephropathy
• Cardiac, GI ( gastroparesis) , GU ( neurogenic bladder)
• Most common cause of end-stage renal disease
• Type 1 45, Type 2 20
• Damage to capillaries of glomeruli
• Concomitant hypertension
• Dx glycosylated albumin
• Rx hypertension, maintain even blood sugar
• TEST BLOOD SUGAR Q 2-4 HRS
• TEST URINE FOR KETONES Q 2-4 HRS
• TAKE INSULIN EVEN IF N/V
• 10-15 GMS CARBOHYDRATES Q 1-2 HRS.
• EX. 1 POPSICLE, 1/2 CUP JELLO
• FLUIDS Q 30 MINS
• EX. ICE CHIPS, GATORADE
• 75 OF ALL LOWER EXTREMITY AMPUTATIONS
• 3 FOLD PROBLEM
• ? SENSATION (INJURY)
• PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE
• ? CIRCULATION ( POOR WOUND HEALING)
• IMMUNOCOMPROMISED
• ? ABILITY OF LEUKOCYTES
• ?RESISTANCE TO INFECTION
• The goals of management of diabetes are based entirely on the patient's ability for self care. The general focus of short term goals then is
• A. cure of the disease
• B. Control of the disease
• C. prevention of the disease
• D. Recognition of complications
• TEACH AT SIMPELEST LEVEL
• BARRIERS TO LEARNING
• ? EYE HAND COORDINATION
• ? RESOURCES
• ? COORDINATION
• PANCREAS TRANSPLANT
• ISLET CELL TRANSPLANTS
• Edmonton procedure
• Utilizes cadaver donors
• Requires 1 million cells
• 80 success rate
• Cells injected into liver
• Pt carefully monitored while cells attach themselves to blood vessels and begin insulin production
• Requires Immunosuppression drugs for life

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Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus

Mar 22, 2019

770 likes | 2.42k Views

Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus. Definition: Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases marked by high levels of blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both.

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• diabetes mellitus
• risk factors
• high triglycerides
• gestational diabetes mellitus
• prevent type 2 diabetes

Presentation Transcript

Definition: • Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases marked by high levels of blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both. • - Diabetes mellitus is a group of disorders with common features, of which a raised blood glucose is the most evident. • Blood glucose levels: • Normal blood glucose level • Fasting blood glucose <7 mmols or <126 mg/100 ml. • .

Essential features of the (ADA) recommendations for diabetes (in non-pregnant adults) and the previous WHO recommendations

Essential features of the (ADA) recommendations for diabetes (in non-pregnant adults) and the previous WHO recommendations (cont.)

Types of Diabetes Mellitus Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) Induced diabetes mellitus

Prevalence of NIDDM in certain countries CountryPrevalence (ADA criteria, >20 years old) United States 9.6% Pima Indians 50-70% Native Indians, Canada 19% England 7.1% Turkey 7.2% China 9.8% Poland 15.7% India 8.6% Oman 14% Jordan 12.7% United Arab Emirates 18.3%

National data on prevalence of NIDDM 199520002004 Sareeh, Sikhra, South Mazar, & Sabha 13.4% Gefgefa 6% - Housha & Ramon 14.2 - Sareeh 12.7% 16.1%

Factors associated with NIDDM VariableOdds Ratio (OR)p-value Gender (M vs. F) 2.0 <.001 Age(>40 vs. <40 Y) 12.7 <.001 Family History DM (Y vs. N) 2.5 <.001 High cholesterol (Y vs. N) 1.6 <.001 High triglycerides (Y vs. N) 2.1 <.001 Hypertension (Y vs. N) 1.6 <.01 Body mass index (obese vs. non-obese) NS (obese& overweight vs. non-obese)* 1.9 <.01 Smoking NS -------------- Source: Ajlouni et.al.: Diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in Jordan: prevalence and associated factors. J Internal Medicine, 1998, 244; 317-323. * Further analysis of data.

Frequency distribution of certain CVD risk factors by diabetic status Among Jordanian adults. VariableNIDDMGeneral population High cholesterol 44.8% 30.2% High triglycerides 45% 26.2% Hypertension (130/85) 74.9% 39% Obese & overweight 88.9% 83.2% Smoking 13.9% 15.5% -------------- Source: Ajlouni et.al.: Diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in Jordan: prevalence and associated factors. J Internal Medicine, 1998, 244; 317-323.

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) an autoimmune disease resulting in the destruction of insulin producing cells. autoimmune diabetes, growth-onset diabetes, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, juvenile diabetes, juvenile-onset diabetes, ketoacidosis-prone diabetes, ketosis-prone diabetes, type I diabetes

http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec0042/014.htm. IDDM= insulin dependent diabetes mellitus CA= Cancer CF= Cystic fibrosis MS=Multiple sclerosis JRA= Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis MD= Muscle dystrophy

http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec0042/014.htm http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec0042/014.htm

Incidence of Type 1 diabetes in Jordan 1992-1996 (cases per 100,000 per year) among children age 0-4 years by year of diagnosis and gender. Year of diagnosisPopulationCasesMalesFemalesIncidence 1996 1,845,958 66 34 32 3.6 1995 1,774,960 64 34 30 3.6 1994 1,703,962 55 28 27 3.2 1993 1,635,864 47 22 25 2.9 1992 1,570,372 43 22 21 2.8 -------------- Source: Ajlouni et.al.: Incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Jordanian children aged 0-4 during 1992-1996. Acta paediar suppl 427:11-3. 1999.

Gestational diabetes mellitus Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as “carbohydrate intolerance of variable severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy

Approximately, 135,000 cases of GDM , representing on average 3-8% of all pregnancies, are diagnosed annually in the US. Higher incidence of GDM has been reported in ethnic groups that have a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes; figures approaching 20% have been reported in certain ethnic populations. GDM complicates 2%-5% of pregnancies in North America health settings which is more than 10 times as common as pre-gestational diabetes. Complications include: - maternal hypertension, - preeclampsia, - postpartum DM, - infant macrosomia, - hyperbilirubinemia, - congenital abnormalities, - stillbirth, - traumatic delivery, - infant perinatal death

Epidemiology of gestational diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors among attendants of antenatal services at Al Corniche maternity hospital, Abu Dhabi City, UAE. Study design At her first visit each singleton, non-diabetic pregnant, and at gestational age between 24-32 weeks is included in the study if she satisfies one of the following criteria: has a positive family history of diabetes mellitus 2. has a personal history of GDM. 3. has a body mass index more than 27. Women with abnormal FBS were treated as diabetic patients without being subjected to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Only women with normal FBS were subjected to OGTT. OGTT was performed by measuring plasma glucose level at fasting and 2-hours post 75 gm of oral glucose loading.

Patient is defined as having impaired GTT when FBS is <7.8 mmols/liter and a 2-hours plasma glucose level between 7.8mmols/liter and 11 mmols/liter. The patient was defined as diabetic when FBS >7.8mmols/liter or 2-hours plasma glucose >11.1mmols/liter. Pregnants with FBS >7.8 mmols/liter or 2-hours plasma glucose >11.1 mmols/liter are defined as having GDM. Results: GDM prevalence was 15.9%

Primary prevention and early detection of type 2 diabetes When looking for the opportunity to prevent type 2 diabetes, risk determinants can be viewed in terms of being either modifiable or non-modifiable. Modifiable risk factors Overweight & obesity Sedentary lifestyle Dietary factors Tobacco smoking Previously identified glucose intolerance (IFG & IGT)

Non-modifiable risk factors Age Sex Family history type 2 diabetes Genes/genetic markers Previous gestational diabetes Ethnicity

Primary Prevention: Life-style modifications in nutrition, physical activity and weight reduction help delay the development of Type II Diabetes in individuals at risk may be recommended for the general population. The incidence of diabetes is more likely increased in smokers. PIC-Norfolk, a UK cohort of 24,155 participants aged 40-79 years, the authors assessed the association between achievement of five diabetes healthy behavior prevention goals (BMI <25 kg/m2, fat intake <30% of energy intake, saturated fat intake <10% of energy intake, fibre intake ≥15 g/day, physical activity >4 h/week) and risk of developing diabetes at follow-up (mean 4.6 years). None of the participants who met all five goals developed diabetes, whereas diabetes incidence was highest in those who did not meet any goals. Conclusion: If the entire population were able to meet one more goal, the total incidence of diabetes would be predicted to fall by 20%.

Primary prevention components of the program include: extensive use of the mass media, fiscal and legislative measures,and widespread community, school, and workplace health educationactivities.

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