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Progress in sustainable structural engineering: a review

• Published: 12 January 2021
• Volume 6 , article number  68 , ( 2021 )

Cite this article

• Sajan KC 1 &
• Dipendra Gautam   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-3657-1596 2  

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This paper reports an extensive review on the development of sustainability practices in structural engineering. Using the systematic review approach, the historical development, application, and advancements of sustainability concepts and practices in structural engineering are presented. Reviews are conducted in terms of structural design, construction materials, and sustainability assessment tools with regard to the triple bottom line aspect of sustainability and multi-hazard resilience. All three factors are summed up, and future avenues are discussed in the paper. The findings highlight that more integrated approaches are needed in the future to assure sustainability practices in structural engineering. Furthermore, it is concluded that the endorsement of sustainability approaches in structural engineering would be a pertinent solution for the changing landscape of structural engineering amidst the multi-hazard challenges.

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KC, S., Gautam, D. Progress in sustainable structural engineering: a review. Innov. Infrastruct. Solut. 6 , 68 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-020-00419-3

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Auxetic or negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) materials and structures are exemplary mechanical meta-materials, possessing greater energy absorption capacity, stronger indentation resistance, and other advantages. Due to their unique indentation resistance, auxetic meta-materials have tremendous potential for use in impact engineering applications. To unveil the categories, characteristics, and applications of auxetic meta-materials, this study expounded upon the basic principles of auxeticity at the structural level and its associated mechanical properties. Additionally, it outlined the typical applications within the fields of medicine, automotive manufacturing, protective gear, and garments. The auxetic honeycomb structures of interest were first classified into three types: re-entrant, chiral, and rotational rigid structures. The auxetic mechanism and mechanical properties of these structures were then discussed and compared. Furthermore, by examining their current applications and characteristics of these structures, development directions for auxetic meta-materials were highlighted to meet future engineering demands for multi-functionality.

Pichingla Kharei et al 2023 Eng. Res. Express 5 012001

High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMT) made of aluminum gallium nitride/gallium nitride (AlGaN/GaN) have become a major focus for all electronic devices based on gallium nitride due to its excellent system characteristics. AlGaN/GaN HEMTs have severe problems that degrade their performance and the drain current collapse (CC) is one of them. During switching operations, the CC increases the on-resistance (R ON ) leading to an increase in device loss and temperature. This review features the basics related to the CC in HEMT and its significance in performance degradation. This paper is concerned with the various advancements reported in recent years to suppress CC in GaN HEMT. Various techniques such as passivation, illumination, free-standing GaN substrate, GaN cap layer including high resistivity GaN cap layer, device structure, surface treatment and deposition techniques, buffer design, and field plates (FP) have been introduced by various researchers to combat CC. This review analysis will help researchers to employ suitable techniques in their HEMT design for future development.

Nikolaos Chousidis 2024 Eng. Res. Express 6 025010

The properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films are intricately influenced by factors such as polymer structure, fabrication method, the addition of plasticizers and the molecular weight of monomers. This research, investigates the implication of PVA films using a solution casting method for crosslinking with boric acid (H 3 BO 4 ), glycerol (C 3 H 8 O 3 ) and citric acid (C 6 H 8 O 7 ). This approach is compared with pure PVA films, establishing a valuable benchmark. For the experiments, tensile strength tests, physicochemical property measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were conducted to gain insights into the microstructure, surface characteristics and mineral composition of the films. This comprehensive approach aims to enhance our understanding of the intricate relationship between PVA, plasticizers and crosslinking agents, providing valuable insights for applications across diverse industries, including, construction and biomedical fields. The overarching objective of this research is to revolutionize the construction industry by developing polymer films that serve as the foundation for self-healing materials, fostering durability and innovation. The experiments revealed a significant influence of crosslinking agents on the properties of PVA films as measured.

Anubhav Baranwal and Bhabani Shankar Das 2024 Eng. Res. Express 6 022103

Scouring around bridge piers significantly threatens bridge stability and can cause tragic failures if not addressed effectively. Several countermeasure techniques have been developed to reduce local scour depth around bridge piers, including using scour countermeasures such as riprap, collar plate, slot, submerged vane, sacrificial pile, etc These countermeasures can be used alone or in combination to provide additional protection against local scour. The selection of countermeasures depends on flow velocity, river bed sediment type, and bridge geometry. A thorough analysis of these factors is necessary before selecting a countermeasure. In this paper, an attempt has been made to summarize the efficiency of different countermeasure techniques to reduce scour depth around the bridge pier. The stability of the bed armouring device depends on its depth and Installation position around the bridge pier, and its efficiency decreases as flow velocity increases. It is found that significant scour protection devices are more efficient in clear water scouring (CWS) conditions (V/V c ≤ 1.0) than live bed scouring (LBS) conditions (V/V c > 1.0). The combination of flow-altering devices is crucial in reducing scour, with a collar plate and slot combination being more effective than a single slot. The findings of this review paper are to provide a valuable resource for engineers and policymakers seeking to design and implement effective strategies for mitigating local scour around bridge piers.

Latest articles

Zhao Liu et al 2024 Eng. Res. Express 6 035231

Based on the ankylosaurus, a four-legged robot structure with 14 degrees of freedom was designed in this study. The kinematic model was established using the Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) method. The inverse kinematics of the robot was analyzed, and the angle equations of each leg joint were obtained. In order to reduce the kinetic energy generated when leaving the ground and landing, the compound cycloid was modified. The modified foot curve effectively reduces energy and meets the kinematic requirements. On the basis of the foot trajectory, the diagonal leg phase difference was set to 0.5, and the diagonal gait was adopted as the gait of the bionic quadrupled robot. Simulink software was used to construct the simulation environment, and the maximum error of the simulation results and the theoretical step height was 2.05%, and the step length maximum error was 2.39%. During walking, the thigh joint angle was −92.82° to −80.21°, and the hip joint angle was 22.23° to 43.83°. Compared with the simulation trajectory and the theoretical curve, because the experiment did not consider the balance of the fuselage, there was a certain error when the leg was raised to the highest point. Overall, the gait planning strategy designed in this study basically achieves the expected effect, lays a certain foundation for the practical application of the bionic quadruped dinosaur robot, and also provides a reference for the subsequent research.

Arjun Kumar and Ruchi Agarwal 2024 Eng. Res. Express 6 035355

The photovoltaic array's output is decreased due to increase of mismatch losses (ML) under partial shading condition. Different row currents begin to flow from the PV modules as a result. Therefore, the panels must be reconfigured to minimize the row current differential in order to get the most power possible from the PV panel. This paper suggests Successive Ring Adder Algorithms (SRAA) to minimize the difference of row current. Under various shading patterns, the proposed scheme's superiority is evaluated and contrasted with series-parallel (SP) and Total-Cross-Tied (TCT) configurations. The numerical outcomes demonstrate the superiority of the suggested algorithm. Additionally, unlike the recently reported reconfiguration techniques, it may be used with both square (9 × 9) and non-square (9 × 6) PV arrays. In comparison to SP and TCT configuration system, the maximum power generation has improved by 4.04% and 9.25%, respectively. In comparison to TCT (30.96%) and SP (37.52%), the ML was obtained with the lowest value i.e. 25.87%. The efficiency for a 9 × 9 PV array is measured at 13.18%, the highest among TCT (12.67%) and SP (12.07%) configurations. For non-squared (9 × 6) PV array arrangement, similar types of enhanced outcomes are produced.

Waqas Haroon and Naveed Ahmad 2024 Eng. Res. Express 6 035116

The performance of flexible pavements is greatly influenced by rutting, fatigue, and durability, leading to premature failures under environmental conditions. The limitations of traditional bitumen in flexible asphalt pavements are due to the significant rise in traffic loads and volumes. The reason for incorporating tire waste into bitumen is its incredible qualities and economical price as a bitumen modifier. The quality of crumb rubber (CR)-modified bitumen mainly depends on the concentration of low-content CR dispersed into the base bitumen. The primary target of this research is to modify the bitumen with low-content CR to improve the thermal properties, rheology, rutting resistance, fatigue resistance, and moisture-damaged performance. The three concentrations, i.e., 5%, 10%, and 15% of CR, were selected based on extensive preliminary trials when dispersed in conventional 60/70 penetration grade bitumen. The consistency and mixture test results concluded that the optimum dosage of CR-10% provides a 20% improvement in thermal performance, a 15% increase in rheological stability, a 25% enhancement in rutting resistance, a 30% boost in fatigue resistance, and a 10% reduction in moisture damage susceptibility. The inclusion of CR makes rubberized asphalt an attractive and effective solution for highway construction, aligning with sustainable construction practices. The findings demonstrate that low-content CR-modified asphalt improved the durability of asphalt mixtures against moisture-induced damage and other benefits, such as reduced cracking and maintenance requirements. The CR technology led to a significant subsidization in the environmental impact of asphalt paving from 5 to 10% compared to standard paving applications.

Yogesh K Mogal et al 2024 Eng. Res. Express 6 035560

Recently, one of the most important issue faced by all nations is a waste management. Therefore, it is essential to search for creative solutions to waste reduction, reuse, and recycling. This can be accomplished by adding waste materials to composite materials as a reinforcements. Reusing waste materials enhances the characteristics of existing materials, while also helping the environment by solving the disposal problem. The main aim of this paper is to study the wear characteristics of hybrid aluminum metal matrix composite reinforced with coconut shell ash (CSA) and granite dust. The hybrid composite samples were manufactured using stir casting by reinforcing CSA (ranging from 0 wt% to 12 wt%) and granite dust (maintained at 2 wt%) in Al6061 alloy. SEM and EDAX analysis were performed to investigate the microstructure and elemental composition. The wear characteristics of the hybrid composites were determined via pin-on-disc tests. Finally, the Taguchi design of experiment was performed on the specimen having the best wear characteristics by selecting the L27 orthogonal array and identified the influence of process variables on the wear rate. The results of the pin-on-disc experiment showed that the wear rate decreased with increasing CSA%. The hybrid composite composed of 02 wt% granite dust, & 12 wt% CSA indicates a lower wear rate (56.25%) as compared to the matrix alloy. The Taguchi analysis prooved that the sliding distance has a greater impact on the wear rate than the other parameters. This material can be a superior substitute where high wear resistance is required.

Wenjia Yan et al 2024 Eng. Res. Express 6 035115

The structural safety of in-service tunnel lining structures is assessed and calculated using a numerical simulation based on the damage statistics of a motorway tunnel to study the effects of the surrounding rock classification, defect type, defect location, and severity of defects on the lining. The main conclusions are as follows. (1) Void defects mainly exist in the shoulder section and account for 73% of the total defects, whereas insufficient thickness is primarily observed at the sidewalls, accounting for 52% of the total defects. (2) As the width clearance of the tunnel increases, the safety factor of each region on the lining structure is reduced to different extents. Voids in the crown section have the highest impact on the safety factor of the lining structure. When the maximum width exceeds 2 m, the safety factor is reduced by up to 91.92%. (3) When the tunnel lining is insufficiently thick, the influence of the defect generally does not extend beyond the defective area. The maximum reduction rates of the safety factors for the crown, shoulder, and sidewalls are 91.28%, 96.12%, and 90.48%, respectively. (4) Thickness defects are more prevalent than void defects. Compared with insufficient thickness defects, void defects more considerably affect the safety factor of the lining structure. Hence, the results of this study can provide an engineering basis for the operational status of in-service tunnels.

Review articles

VijayKashimatt M G 2024 Eng. Res. Express 6 032502

Additive manufacturing (AM) provides an innovative and reliable method of developing medical products with anatomically relevant geometry and mechanical performance, underscoring its significant potential in the medical field. The design of fused deposition modelling (FDM) parameters has a significant impact on the characteristics of the product fabricated utilizing FDM. Numerous studies have assessed the impact of various FDM process parameters on enhancing the print quality attributes of manufactured components, such as mechanical characteristics, production times, dimensional accuracy, and surface finish. Because of the complex features of the FDM process and the contradicting process parameters, the advancement has been slow and poorly coordinated. This work intends to provide a complete review of recent research on PEEK and CF-PEEK printed parts, where the effect of process factors on tensile strength has been described. Furthermore, PEEK, with its potential applications in medical, aerospace, and chemical sectors, serves as an inspiring material for future innovations, offering a promising outlook.

Mohammad Ishaq et al 2024 Eng. Res. Express 6 032303

Railway systems stand out as highly efficient modes of transportation compared to others, leading to a rising demand for the sake of research and development aimed at reducing their energy consumption. This pursuit not only enhances sustainability but also addresses the pressing issue of climate change. A multitude of studies delve into modeling, analyzing, and optimizing energy usage within railway systems, showcasing a diverse array of methodologies and techniques for formulating, and solving optimization problems. This review paper undertakes a comparative examination of approximately 36 relevant studies focusing on railway energy consumption encompassing both traction and auxiliary energy. The research emphasizes various modeling techniques employed in simulating train movement and energy consumption; alongside different optimization methods focused at improving operational efficiency on railway tracks. It meticulously scrutinizes the most prevalent optimization methods, techniques and variables are utilized. Through an extensive review of literature, it becomes apparent that deterministic approaches, particularly based on the Davis equations, dominate the modeling landscape, accounting for over 80% of the approaches. However, when it comes to optimization, meta-heuristic approaches take precedence, with Genetic Algorithms being a prominent choice. These findings underscore the significance of meta-heuristic approaches, crucial for enhancing both human activities and mitigating energy consumption, especially in a heavy energy-consuming sector like railway transportation.

Belachew A Demiss and Walied A Elsaigh 2024 Eng. Res. Express 6 032102

Construction duration estimation plays a pivotal role in project planning and management, yet it is often fraught with uncertainties that can lead to cost overruns and delays. To address these challenges, this review article proposes three advanced conceptual models leveraging hybrid deep learning architectures that combine Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) while considering construction delivery uncertainties. The first model introduces a Spatio-Temporal Attention CNN-RNN Hybrid Model with Probabilistic Uncertainty Modeling, which integrates attention mechanisms and probabilistic uncertainty modeling to provide accurate and probabilistic estimates of construction duration, offering insights into critical areas of uncertainty. The second model presents a Multi-Modal Graph CNN-RNN Hybrid Model with Bayesian Uncertainty Integration, which harnesses multi-modal data sources and graph representations to offer comprehensive estimates of construction duration while incorporating Bayesian uncertainty measures, facilitating informed decision-making and optimized resource allocation. Lastly, the third model introduces a Hierarchical Spatio-Temporal Transformer CNN-RNN Hybrid Model with Fuzzy Logic Uncertainty Handling, which addresses the inherent vagueness and imprecision in construction duration estimates by incorporating hierarchical spatio-temporal transformer architecture and fuzzy logic uncertainty handling, leading to more nuanced and adaptable project management practices. These advanced models represent significant advancements in addressing construction duration challenges, providing valuable insights and recommendations for future research and industry applications. Moreover, this review article critically examines the application of hybrid deep learning architectures, specifically the combination of CNNs RNNs, in predicting construction duration estimates at the preconstruction stage while considering uncertainties inherent in construction delivery systems.

Accepted manuscripts

Li et al 

The use of microvaristor layers is an electric field control method for composite insulators. It can reduce the electric field stresses to prevent the extension of the composite insulator surface discharges and the complete flashover caused by the subsequent development of arcing. In order to improve the performance of composite insulators, a 500 kV double grading ring suspension composite insulator structure with ZnO microvaristor layers is proposed and optimized by variable step crow search algorithm (VSCSA). A 2D axisymmetric simulation model is constructed by COMSOL, and then VSCSA is used to optimize the geometric dimensions of insulators, grading rings and microvaristors through the joint simulation of COMSOL and MATLAB. The electric field of composite insulators under clean and uniform contaminated conditions before and after optimization is studied. The results show that the optimized design can reduce the electric field strength of composite insulators under clean and uniform contaminated conditions. It is also proved that the injection of ZnO microvaristor layers into the double grading ring suspension composite insulator can improve the performance of the insulator. The research provides a new method for the design and optimization of high voltage composite insulators, which is of great significance.

Arfi et al 

A fully integrated CAD system involves the integration of detection, segmentation, and classification, which makes it very useful for medical applications, particularly while dealing with the detection of breast mass and its classification into cancerous or non-cancerous mass. The carried-out research work is intended to propose a model that is integrated CAD system, where the system is capable of mass detection, its segmentation, and the classification using mammograms. In this proposed integrated system we have used deep learning-based YOLO for the detection of abnormality (mass) in the mammogram, U-net is utilized for segmentation of the mass, as it has the capability to produce pixel level segmentation map, and at last stage the classification stage we have used deep CNN for the classification. The proposed system is evaluated on open-source MIAS database. For the performance evaluation of the proposed BCanD, a three-fold cross-validation test was utilized. The mass detection accuracy of the BCanD is 98.99%, MCC is 97.96%, and F1-score is 98.87%. The model is evaluated with and without automated mass segmentation to study the impact of segmentation on the suggested CAD system. The best results were with the segmentation with the overall accuracy of 94.20%, F1-score (Dice) of 93.60%, MCC of 88.33%, and Jaccard of 88.08%. The proposed BCanD model surpasses the latest existing deep learning-based methodologies like fuzzy classifier, CNNI-BCC. Hence, the proposed CAD system can be implemented and used by radiologists for all the stages from detection to diagnosis of breast mass.
Keywords: Benign; Malignant; Cross-Validation; Breast Mass; Detection; Segmentation; Classification

Tripathi et al 

In agricultural research, Crop Yield Prediction (CYP) offers the best decision-making to assist farmers in agricultural yield forecasting efficiently. Most of the existing studies have not considered the exhaustive exploration of data analytics techniques in Machine Learning (ML) for CYP due to which the existing models have not given the optimal results. The main objective of this study is to explore the effectiveness of data analytics in the Ensemble Learning (EL) techniques for effective CYP which enhances the reliability and performance of a prediction model. This article proposes an expert system model, Blended Expert System for Crop Yield Prediction (BESCYP), to predict the precise crop yield for particular agricultural land in the Assam state of India. The proposed BESCYP employs Expectation–Maximization (EM) algorithm to treat missing values, the Isolation Forest (IF) technique to analyze outliers, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) to perform feature selection, Robust Scaling (RS) technique to perform data normalization and the Extra Tree (ET) for classification to overcome the variance and overfitting problem of the standard ML algorithms. The evaluation of the proposed BESCYP model has been performed using accuracy, precision, recall, and F-1 score with a dataset which is collected from International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). The proposed model is compared with different standard ML algorithms, EL algorithms and various existing models available in the literature, and the experimental results show that the proposed model performs better than others.

Aimin et al 

Arc-based additive additive technology, like other additive manufacturing technologies such as laser cladding, cold spraying, has been used in repairing metal parts that suffer harsh working conditions, including wear, corrosion, and breaking which prevent them from realising an economic development route when lifespan is extended. However, there is a limitation in the existing study of arc-based additive repair technology. against the backdrop of the rapid development of many emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence. Hence, this paper aims to provide a holistic status quo of arc-based additive repairing technology (AAR) which includes five sections: Firstly, AAR is overviewed and then followed by types of AAR that provide an understanding of explicit AAR technique, such as powder plasma arc welding, plasma-transfer arc welding, gas metal arc welding, and gas tungsten arc welding. Secondly, parameters optimization characteristics and performance improvement measures related to arc energy density, shielding gas flow rate, tool path, and additional energy field are presented. Thirdly, defects and enhancing methods, including inner gas porosity, distortion and deformation, and cracks and corresponding addressing approaches, are discussed. Finally, challenges like efficiency and complexity of processes, defect control and quality assurance, and process displacement and geometric accuracy are concluded, and trends of AAR are proposed. Through this review, a new picture of the current state of AAR research unfolds that expect to inspire a sight-clear future.

Cao et al 

With the rapid development of marine engineering construction, coral aggregate has been widely applied in practical engineering. Its creep characteristics must be emphasized, but only a few experimental studies have been conducted, and theoretical research has not yet been reported. In this study, based on the traditional Burgers rheological model and using the fractional order software components Able dashpot, constructs a fractional order creep model for coral concrete and provides a calculation method. Comparison shows that the traditional Burgers rheological model cannot adjust the creep rate and development degree in calculations, resulting in a large deviation between its predicted results and experimental values. However, the fractional order model established in this paper aligns with the creep development law of coral concrete, and its calculated values match well with experimental values, making it suitable for predicting the creep characteristics of coral concrete under different water-cement ratios. Sensitivity analysis of the fractional order can achieve effective control over the prediction of creep development in coral concrete in practical engineering. The fractional order creep model established in this paper can provide a basis for predicting and evaluating the long-term performance of coral concrete in practical engineering.

More Accepted manuscripts

Open access

Babu Naik Gugulothu et al 2024 Eng. Res. Express 6 035352

Chala Abdulkadir Kedir and Chala Merga Abdissa 2024 Eng. Res. Express 6 035229

In this paper, Linear Parameter Varying-Model Predictive Control (LPV-MPC) for trajectory tracking for Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) is proposed. This method is based on the time-varying LPV is the form of the state space representation from the mathematical model of the vehicle. The LPV representation form which uses the dynamic model of the vehicle allows the incorporation of time-varying dynamics, providing a more accurate representation of the vehicle's behavior. The designed LPV-MPC controller for AVs is specifically designed to handle constraints in trajectory tracking. To enhance its performance, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is employed as an optimization technique. PSO is used to tune the weighting matrices of the control parameters, optimizing the system response and improving trajectory tracking performance. To evaluate the effectiveness of the LPV-MPC system, extensive simulations are conducted and results are compared with Linear and Non-Linear MPCs. The main benefit of using the LPV-MPC method is its ability to calculate solutions almost as good as the non-linear MPC version yet significantly reducing the computational cost. The capability of the LPV-MPC controller as compared to the linear version is in its effective tracking, particularly for the non-linear reference trajectories.

Guijiu Xie et al 2024 Eng. Res. Express

In order to meeting the physical strength, heat dissipation and dimensional requirements 8 of chips, the wafer surface needs to be thinned by wafer thinning machines. In the design of wafer 9 thinning machine, the analysis and optimization of key castings is an important and complex issue.

Anil K Rawat et al 2024 Eng. Res. Express 6 035322

Sensor technology advancements have provided the platform to implement wireless body area networks, thanks to the nanosized sensor units capable of sensing, aggregating, and forwarding physiological information. The collected information is routed to the desired destination unit for data analysis and decision-making in remote healthcare. However, improving energy utilization remains a brain-teasing problem for the research community, especially considering imbalanced energy consumption and postural movements. Mobility contributes to disconnectivity issues, high energy drainage, and retransmission delays. In addition, the sensor node's thermal level also poses a challenge in maintaining safer and reliable data transmission. To overcome these issues, a novel Mobility and Temperature Sensitive Energy-Efficient Routing ¬(MTS-EER) algorithm has been proposed that includes a two-step process. In step 1, an Intelligent Path Estimation Function (IPEF) is designed considering the sensor's mobility, temperature, and energy level. IPEF depends on crucial parameters i.e.: - residual energy, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), distance, total energy, and most importantly temperature of the sensor unit. The sensor node with the least IPEF is selected as the Cluster Head (CH). In step 2, an optimized and sustainable energy conservation model (OSECM) is implemented based on the Adaptive Transmission Power (ATP) and the Power Management Module (PMM). The ATP conserves the energy via intelligently varying the transmission power and PMM manages the sleep pattern of sensor nodes to yield a high network lifetime and efficient energy utilization. The algorithm includes a clustering approach with dual sink nodes to conserve energy and improve reliability. Finally, the results are compared with the recent state-of-the-art research work. The proposed algorithm provides better results considering residual energy, throughput, network lifetime, and end-to-end delay.

Teng Long et al 2024 Eng. Res. Express

Driven by the rising number of fire incidents involving Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), this work reviews the current state of knowledge in electric vehicle battery safety, focusing on simulation and experiment methodologies. The critical importance of battery safety is emphasized by the potential for thermal runaway and fires due to various factors. These factors include design and manufacturing flaws, excessive current loads, mechanical damage, improper charging practices (overcharging/overdischarging), extreme temperature exposure, and even as-yet unidentified causes. This study provides a comprehensive review of methodologies employed in lithium-ion battery safety modeling and experiment for BEVs. The review includes various aspects. It includes the high voltage battery system in BEVs, battery safety considerations in BEVs, geometry modeling of battery cells, material modeling of battery cells, simulation framework for batteries, cell-level experiment, testing of materials for cell components, and the application of machine learning. Physics-based simulations that accurately predict battery thermal runaway are crucial for guaranteeing the safety and optimizing the performance of BEVs. While Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is a well-established technique for evaluating the crashworthiness of conventional vehicles, its application to BEVs presents several significant challenges. However, limited literature exists on cell-level experiments involving spray and dropping scenarios. Furthermore, additional data on melting points, thermal properties, and porosity is necessary for component-level testing. This work also highlights the need for robust friction and fatigue models, which remain a critical knowledge gap in this field. Finally, the integration of machine learning approaches for constitutive laws and the development of more complex frameworks are essential advancements for future research. This review is expected to provide a guide in simulation and experiment in EV battery safety engineering.

Anand Pai et al 2024 Eng. Res. Express 6 035543

Automotive turbochargers, essential for enhancing intake air pressure and boosting torque in internal combustion engines, operate at exceptionally high rotational speeds of approximately 100,000 to 300,000 rpm. Despite the implementation of dual or triple air filtration systems to filter contaminants, neglected maintenance can lead to clogged filters, resulting in the ingestion of metallic filter mesh, and other small-sized objects from filter indicators, washers, and plastic components into the turbocharger assembly. The current study explores the impact of foreign particles on the mechanics of turbocompressor impeller blades in automotive turbochargers through a computational approach. A finite element model of the turbocompressor wheel was developed with suitable boundary conditions for the turbocompressor and the foreign particle. A Design of Experiments (DoE) approach was employed using a Taguchi L 12 orthogonal array to optimize the multiple parameters during the foreign particle impact. The study considered two geometric shapes of the foreign particle (conical with unit aspect ratio and hemispherical), two sizes, and two rotational speeds ranging from 150,000 to 250,000 rpm. ANSYS Explicit Dynamics® software was utilized for the numerical simulations to simulate the mechanics of foreign particle entry and the resulting damage on compressor blades.

Tugce Ongen et al 2024 Eng. Res. Express 6 035111

The pile method, applied in the foundational operations of construction to enhance soil-bearing capacity, is utilized in locations with insufficient soil support. Its purpose is to reinforce the foundation and improve soil stability before constructing a structure. In this study, vibrations occurring during the application of Vibrex-type piles for foundation reinforcement in a construction project located in the Konak district of Izmir Province were measured at various distances from the measurement points. The study further explored the influence of pile application on soil stability, considering the geomechanical properties of the site's soil structure. The analysis of the study's graph indicates that stress and vibration velocity remains at optimal levels, suggesting favorable working conditions.

K. Veera Raghavulu et al 2024 Eng. Res. Express

Over the past two decades, nano additive lubricants have become essential in manufacturing as lubricating agents. Our study examines the impact of three process parameters—carbon nanotube (CNT) (volume concentration,%), sliding velocity (m/s), and applied load (N)—on the tribological performance of polyolester oil blended with carbon nanotubes. By employing the robust Taguchi L9 orthogonal array as the design of experiment, the current study made an attempt to identify the best combination of these three factors parameters to achieve the least coefficient of friction (COF) while the study also conducted ANOVA and multivariate linear regression to determine the significant factor that determines the least COF. For this study, POE oil and varying concentrations of CNTs (such as 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1 volume concentration%) were used. For this study, the characterization of the CNTs was performed using TEM, SEM and XRD methods while its stability was validated through Zeta potential value i.e., 0.075 volume concentration% CNT concentration achieved 35 mV zeta potential value. The Taguchi L9 orthogonal array outcomes found the least COF i.e., 0.0359 was achieved from 0.075 volume concentration % of CNT with a sliding speed of 3.6 m/s at 50 N load. The ANOVA outcomes confirmed the major contribution (91%) of the CNT concentration towards influencing the COF outcomes. The contour plots confirmed that optimal COF can be achieved when using 0.075 volume concentration% CNT with load ranged from 75N to 125N and sliding velocities between 1.2 m/s and 3.0 m/s. The outcomes establish that when POE oil is supplemented with CNTs, it can achieve superior performance as the nanolubricant mitigates the coefficient of friction (COF), eventually enhancing the tribological performance. Future researchers can focus on employing Taguch-grey relational analysis, artificial intelligence and machine learning models to find the optimal process parameters for other lubricants and nanoadditives.

Been Kwak et al 2024 Eng. Res. Express 6 035335

In this study, high-density 3D-NAND flash memory is proposed. Using D-SSL, lateral shrink of cell area can be achieved by distinguishing two strings in a word-line (WL). We verify erase/program and read characteristics using technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulations with rigorous calibrated condition. The proposed high density NAND flash has normally-on state SSLs through additional process and electrical treatment. In the conventional reference NAND flash, the cell string connected to the bit-line (BL) is distinguished by WL cut (WLC). On the other hand, in the proposed high density NAND flash, the cell string is selected by utilizing the normally-on state SSLs using trapped hole and doped arsenic at the intersection of SSL1 and SSL2. Compared with the conventional scheme, the proposed D-SSL exhibits almost same erase/program and read characteristics. Consequently, the proposed D-SSL scheme can increase memory density with reduced number of WLCs by distinguishing strings using D-SSL.

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Structural Engineering and Mechanics

UW CEE structural engineers perform innovative research across a wide range of topics using experimental, numerical and analytical techniques. The diverse expertise of the structural engineering research group provides unique opportunities for research. Current research projects are aimed at improving the resiliency of structures against earthquake, tsunami and wind hazards; creating more durable materials; modeling, evaluation and design of reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete, steel, timber and composite structures; improving the sustainability of structures and designs for rapidly constructed structures; enhanced structural systems for marine and aerospace environments; and developing computational mechanics tools for numerical modeling of complex physical phenomena, including the structural behavior of turbine blades as they interact with the surrounding fluid media. Faculty are closely engaged with the professional engineering community and their research is consequently implemented in practice.

The structural research laboratories   provide capabilities for multi-scale experimental studies of component or system response to complex loading scenarios. Advanced computing capabilities enable the development of state-of-the-art models of seismic structural response, large-scale fluid-structure and soil-structure interactions, and complex computational mechanics, among other topics.

Research topics

• Reinforced and prestressed concrete structures Faculty involved: Paolo Calvi , Marc Eberhard , Dawn Lehman , Laura Lowes , Travis Thonstad
• Concrete engineering using advanced or recycled materials including use of 3D printing Faculty involved: Paolo Calvi , Dawn Lehman , John Stanton , Travis Thornstad
• Steel and composite structures Faculty involved: Jeff Berman , Dawn Lehman , Charles Roeder
• Earthquake engineering Faculty involved: Jeff Berman , Paolo Calvi , Marc Eberhard , Dawn Lehman , Laura Lowes , Charles Roeder , John Stanton , Travis Thonstad
• Tsunami engineering Faculty involved: Marc Eberhard , Dawn Lehman ,  Michael Motley
• Accelerated bridge construction Faculty involved: Paolo Calvi , Marc Eberhard , Dawn Lehman , Charles Roeder , John Stanton , Travis Thonstad
• Advanced numerical simulation and computational mechanics Faculty involved: Laura Lowes , Peter Mackenzie-Helnwein , Gregory Miller , Michael Motley , Richard Wiebe
• Aerospace structures Faculty involved: Richard Wiebe

Student research

Attaching light rail to a floating bridge.

Light rail will cross a floating bridge for the first time in the world when construction is completed on Sound Transit’s East Link Extension Project in 2023. The engineering feat is possible thanks to a team of researchers, including master’s student Kristina Tsvetanova (shown here), and former students Travis Thonstad and Matthew Sisley, who are collaborating with consultants to test various features of the system, which has never before been implemented. Since not a single hole is allowed on the bridge deck, engineers developed a solution to connect light rail tracks to the bridge without the use of traditional methods such as bolts. Tsvetanova is leading the team conducting tests on the final prototype, which consists of a complex “sandwich” of different materials to connect the rails to the bridge deck.

Sustainable Earthquake Resilient Buildings

Building high-rises that are both earthquake resilient and sustainable is the goal of a team of researchers from across the country, including master’s student Sarah Wichman. The researchers paired a new type of sustainable building material with a rocking wall system, which allows walls to rock back and forth during an earthquake. The rocking wall concept, now quite widely copied throughout the industry, was originally developed at the UW in the 1990s. During a large-scale test of the system, Wichman oversaw the installation and testing of the rocking walls. The researchers found no significant damage to a two-story prototype after 14 earthquake simulations. The research may one day inform the next generation of buildings constructed in earthquake zones.

Excellence in teaching

The Structural Engineering faculty members hold teaching to be an important part of their work, and have a long record of excellence in teaching. Two faculty hold University Distinguished Teaching Awards, another has won the Departmental Teaching Award more frequently than anyone else, and two more have recently achieved “perfect” teaching ratings from their classes.

Laboratories

The following laboratories feature equipment that structural engineers utilize to conduct research:

• Large-scale Structural Research Laboratory
• Structural Creep Laboratory
• Structural Vibrations Laboratory
• X-ray Computed Tomography Laboratory
• Construction Materials Laboratory

Centers headquarter research on specific themes and act as hubs connecting faculty and students with resources to support research, education and outreach activities. Researchers are affiliated with the following centers:

• NHERI RAPID Post-Disaster Rapid Response Research Facility  (led by UW CEE)
• Pacific Northwest Transportation Consortium (led by UW CEE)
• FHWA Accelerated Bridge Construction Center (led by Florida International University)

Degree programs

• Structural Engineering & Mechanics Master’s Program
• Structural Engineering & Mechanics Ph.D. Program 

Latest news

A timber triumph: seismically resilient and sustainable.

CEE researchers including Professor Jeffrey Berman and Ph.D. student Sarah Wichman test a sustainable and seismically resilient 10-story mass timber building designed to withstand Seattle earthquakes.

Capstone collaborations

Learn about a capstone project undertaken by CEE students to design an evacuation structure for lahar and tsunami events in the City of Fife.

Op-ed: Prepare wisely for earthquakes

Co-authors and professors Jeffrey Berman and Marc Eberhard point out that Seattle area faults are not unlike those in Turkey — and thousands of older buildings are still vulnerable. 

Experts discuss earthquake in Turkey and Syria

Three UW experts, including CEE Professor Dawn Lehman, have provided quotes in response to the magnitude 7.8 earthquake that struck Turkey and Syria on February 6.

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Structural engineering research.

Research in structural engineering at UNL is conducted in various state-of-the-art facilities, including the Structural Engineering High-Bay Facility in Scott Engineering Center (SEC), the  Structures & Materials Research Laboratory in the Peter Kiewit Institute (PKI), the  Midwest Roadside Safety Facility in Whittier Research Center, the  Nondestructive Testing Lab in PKI, the Structural Dynamics & Nondestructive Testing Lab in Whittier Research Center (soon to be SEC), and the Mobile Infrastructure Assessment Lab.

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Research on the threshold of the transverse gradient of the floodplain in the lower yellow river based on a flood risk assessment model.

1. Introduction

2. materials and methods, 2.1. an overview of the study area, 2.2. data processing, 2.2.1. natural geographic data, 2.2.2. land use data, 2.2.3. remote sensing image data, 2.2.4. hydrometeorological data, 2.2.5. cross-sectional data, 2.3. calculation of transverse gradient, 2.4. flood risk assessment model, 2.4.1. selection of model indicators, 2.4.2. determination of indicator weights, 2.5. two-dimensional water–sediment model, 2.5.1. hydrological data, 2.5.2. roughness settings, 2.5.3. grid division, 2.6. optimal cross-slope selection scheme, 3.1. the trend of tg variation in the floodplain, 3.2. optimal selection of tg of the floodplain, 3.2.1. flood inundation results, 3.2.2. determination of indicator weights, 3.2.3. flood risk zoning, 3.2.4. the optimization of the tg for the floodplain, 4. conclusions, author contributions, data availability statement, conflicts of interest.

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Click here to enlarge figure

Share and Cite

Zheng, Z.; Li, M.; Quan, L.; Ai, G.; Niu, C.; Hu, C. Research on the Threshold of the Transverse Gradient of the Floodplain in the Lower Yellow River Based on a Flood Risk Assessment Model. Water 2024 , 16 , 2533. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172533

Zheng Z, Li M, Quan L, Ai G, Niu C, Hu C. Research on the Threshold of the Transverse Gradient of the Floodplain in the Lower Yellow River Based on a Flood Risk Assessment Model. Water . 2024; 16(17):2533. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172533

Zheng, Zhao, Ming Li, Liyu Quan, Guangzhang Ai, Chaojie Niu, and Caihong Hu. 2024. "Research on the Threshold of the Transverse Gradient of the Floodplain in the Lower Yellow River Based on a Flood Risk Assessment Model" Water 16, no. 17: 2533. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172533

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Oluwaseun Samuel Olabode receives second runner-up Best Paper Award at 2024 ASCE i3CE conference - Lyles School of Civil and Construction Engineering - Purdue University

Oluwaseun Samuel Olabode receives second runner-up Best Paper Award at 2024 ASCE i3CE conference

Construction Engineering Ph.D. student Oluwaseun Samuel Olabode has received the second runner-up Best Paper Award at the 2024 ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering (i3ce2024), held at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, PA.

The paper, "Automaticity Diagnosis in Construction: A Longitudinal Study Using Attentional Measures," presents research conducted in collaboration with Behzad Esmaeili, Associate Professor of Civil Engineering and Industrial Engineering, and Oluwaseun's advisor. This manuscript is part of a larger study that pioneers the application of automaticity theory into the construction industry. The overall goal of the study is to examine methods that are indicative of the development of automaticity on construction sites and its implications on construction safety and productivity.

The work of assistant professor of industrial engineering Dr.Na Zou was recently recognized with the Best Paper Award in a competition associated with the 2024 Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) Conference on Quality, Statistics, and Reliability (ICQSR) — described by Zou as "a major research community."

The paper, CODA: Temporal Domain Generalization via Concept Drift Simulator , was co-authored by Zou and her research partners at Rice University and Texas A&M University: Chia-Yuan Chang, Yu-Neng Chuang, Zhimeng Jiang, Kwei-Herng Lai, and Anxiao Jiang. Funding for the project came from an NSF award earlier this year; the total $1.2 million award is split across the three collaborating institutions.

"In real-world applications, machine learning models often become obsolete due to shifts in the joint distribution arising from underlying temporal trends, a phenomenon known as the 'temporal concept drift'," assert Zou et al. in the paper's abstract.

With machine learning currently at the forefront of innumerable innovative efforts, investigating solutions for issues such as concept drift is critical work.

"We're addressing a data challenge related to the quality of the data used to train a model. We propose a [new] method from a data-centric perspective," said Zou.

This method is the COncept Drift simulAtor (CODA) framework: a way to simulate future data with potential changes that machine learning models may face before they actually face them.

"Previously, most existing work relied on model-centric methods; that is, applying different models to a fixed data set to enhance prediction. Since the temporal distribution shifts arise from data, we incorporate the temporal trends in a simulator to generate out-of- distribution future data. The generated data can be used to train various models for improving generalization."

Zou uses a real-world example to illustrate what makes this research so important, not to mention practical:

"For example, consider the task of using Twitter data to predict seasonal flu trends. Over time, the number of active users on Twitter is increasing, new friendships are formed, and user profiles evolve, all of which can significantly affect the model performance for future flu prediction using models trained on the initial data. But this future data, such as new users and friendships for the next year, is not yet available and cannot be accessed now. Instead of training new flu prediction models after collecting Twitter data next year, our proposed method can simulate the future Twitter data via capturing the temporal trends. The simulated Twitter data can be used to train various models, leading to more accurate flu prediction for the upcoming year."

Compared to model-centric modeling, a data-centric approach is critical because it addresses underlying data quality and distribution issues and can significantly enhance model performance and generalization, leading to more reliable, robust and effective solutions for real-world applications.

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Leeker will use NSF grant to promote participation of Black families in STEM

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Jessica Rush Leeker of CU Boulder’s Lockheed Martin Engineering Management Program has been awarded a $2 million National Science Foundation grant to develop pathways for Black families to engage in engineering practices and see themselves as integral members of the engineering community.

Her project – a collaborative effort with Lauren Mims from New York University and Tamecia Jones from North Carolina State – is focused on creating informal learning resources out of what has traditionally been a very structured, formal discipline.  

Deliverables will include video workshops for caregivers, easy-to-use engineering activities, public dissemination of research results, and professional networks of STEM educators.

“We plan to develop educational tools and frameworks that can be replicated beyond the initial study, enhancing the broader educational landscape by incorporating these rich cultural narratives into engineering education,” Leeker said. “This will not only benefit the participating families but also create a model that can be adapted and used in other contexts, transforming how underrepresented groups engage with engineering globally.” 

Ultimately, Leeker's project aims to broaden participation in engineering among the Black population, who remain underrepresented in engineering.

The resources, designed for 6- to 10-year-olds, will provide opportunities to engage in various engineering activities at home. The aim is to encourage children to consider engineering careers by allowing them to engage in engineering practices such as empathizing, defining, ideating, prototyping, and testing. 

For Leeker, the research is an invaluable opportunity to expand her innovative research on the role of informal learning in engineering education among Black families. The team will explore how these identity-affirming resources can foster children's engineering identities and interests by connecting them with their historical and cultural roots, enhancing their sense of belonging and confidence in engineering fields. 

Leeker believes the research can significantly increase diversity and inclusion in engineering fields by reconnecting children with their legacies of innovation and problem-solving. Their goal is to build bridges between generations, linking personal and communal histories with contemporary educational and professional opportunities in engineering.

This approach is expected to enrich children's academic and personal development, thereby broadening participation and success rates among underrepresented in engineering disciplines. 

“This grant is a testament to the importance of creating inclusive educational resources that reflect the diversity of our communities. I am excited to see how these informal learning tools can inspire the next generation of Black engineers and innovators. We hope to expand these efforts to other underrepresented populations in STEM,” Leeker said. “By partnering with Black families, we can develop educational materials that teach engineering concepts and celebrate the rich cultural heritage of Black scientists and engineers. This approach is crucial for fostering a sense of identity and belonging in STEM fields, and we aim to extend this inclusive model to other communities as well.”  

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February 2024 Newsletter

The University of Sheffield Research Software Engineering Community Newsletter February 2024

Welcome to the February 2024 newsletter for the research software community at The University of Sheffield, featuring news, opportunities, events and training for you.

Upcoming events in Sheffield

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• ResearchComputing@Sheffield is the annually hosted research computing event at The University of Sheffield showcasing projects using research computing. This year the event will take place in Firth Hall on the 9th April 2024. More information to follow.

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• 2024-03-18 to 2024-03-22 in Manchester (remote attendance available)
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• Octopus.ac is a free, UKRI funded publishing model that forgoes the traditional research paper in favour of a series of “micro publications” that more closely model how research is conducted. During this session we’ll invite you to share your perceptions of Octopus and welcome feedback from researchers of all disciplines
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• Various dates in February, grouped by Faculty.
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Research software practice

Blog, papers & podcasts.

• A look at the Grace Hopper superchip . Blog post from Simon Butcher of QMUL benchmarking the NVIDIA Grace-Hopper superchip using pytorch and FLAME GPU (Developed by members of the RSE team at Sheffield).
• The University of Sheffield January 2024 HPC Newsletter
• Society of Research Software Engineering January 2024 Newsletter - Do disappearing data repositories pose a threat to open science and the scholarly record? . Blog post from LSE on data repository shutdowns.
• From Code to Tenure: Valuing Research Software in Academia by Eric A. Jensen and Daniel S. Katz. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.14809
• International Science Council - Open Science Round-up January 2024
• Ibrahim, Hazem, et al. “Google Scholar is manipulatable.” arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.04607 (2024).
• JOSSCast: Open Source for Researchers . A new podcast from Journal of Open Source Software with new episodes every Thursday.
• Code for Thought: [EN] Patterns in Science And Medicine - Veronika Cheplygina
• Code for Thought: [EN] ByteSized RSE: Easy Does It - with easybuild - Jörg Saßmannshausen

Deep Learning Demystified: Foundations for Non-Computer Scientists

• 2024-02-22 13:00-17:00 and 2024-02-23 13:00-17:00
• Hicks Building, the University of Sheffield.
• Register on myDevelopment by 2024-02-22 13:00

“Deep Learning Demystified: Foundations for Non-Computer Scientists” is an accessible and comprehensive course designed to introduce individuals from diverse backgrounds to the fundamental concepts of deep learning. Through clear explanations and real-world examples, participants will gain a solid understanding of key components of deep learning. By the end of the course, students will be equipped with the knowledge and confidence to engage with and apply deep learning techniques in various fields, regardless of their technical background.

We’re in the process of finalising some forthcoming RSE training events so keep an eye on our Training page for more information and join our mailing list to hear about new events.

Opportunities

• Society of Research Software Engineering will be running their mentoring scheme for all career levels again in 2024, announced in the Society of Research Software Engineering January 2024 Newsletter .
• Google Season of Docs 2024
• UKRI Funding opportunity - Future data services: pilots to enhance data services for the future . Closing date 2024-02-22 16:00:00.

2 opportunities to work within Research Computing Support (part of Research & Innovation IT). The roles are to assist the RCS team in providing support to HPC users, and each position will require a commitment of 8 hours per week, spread over 4 days. Work is expected to be available for 3 months. The work may finish earlier than this, or may be extended subject to mutual agreement. It is anticipated that you will work 2 hours per day, 4 days per week, preferably with at least one day per week in the Brunswick Street office with the Research Computing Support team

Applications close 2024-02-18.

Apply on Career Connect (login required)

You can always check for advertised RSE and RSE-adjacent roles over at the RSE society’s vacancies board .

Digital Research Practice Support Community

The DRPS community is a group for people that support researchers in carrying out research in the digital age. Meetings are held monthly, with discussions around events, training and opportunities related to the field.

You can join the google group here to stay informed.

The next meeting is scheduled for 2pm on Wednesday 28th February 2024.

LunchBytes are short talks from the research community on research software, data, and infrastructure.

LunchBytes needs YOU

LunchBytes are organised by and for the research software community at The University of Sheffield. If you’d like to curate a session on a topic or present something, get in touch by emailing [email protected] or suggest topics on the jamboard .

RSE support via the Centre for Machine Intelligence (CMI-RSE)

Sheffield’s Centre for Machine Intelligence (CMI) is funding 1 FTE of research engineering time, enabling RSE to provide AI/ML services without cost recovery. The CMI-RSE team primarily supports members of the University community by enabling, designing, implementing and refining AI streams in research projects.

If you have a project in mind that would benefit from CMI-RSE involvement, please have a look at the FAQ and complete the application form to register your interest and begin the conversation.

Code Clinics

Why not come to a Code Clinic ? We’re keen to help you.

Code Clinics are fortnightly supported sessions run by the RSE team and IT Services’ Research IT team. They are open to anyone at TUoS writing code for research to get help with programming problems and general advice on best practices.

At each session, members of the RSE and/or Research IT teams will be available to review code, advise, troubleshoot, and suggest ways to improve your computational workflows.

Research IT HPC Drop In

HPC Drop-In sessions are providing assistance with HPC related user issues such as challenges in scaling an application from desktop to supercomputer. We are considering extending the number of our sessions to two or three weekly. These interactive sessions could provide a better interface with our users than our non-interactive ticketing system. These sessions are advertised on the HPC mailing list .

Research IT Consultations

Alongside the HPC Drop-In sessions, Research IT are also running one to one consultations to solve in depth user specific problems. These consultations can be booked via our webpage. If you are interested please visit the following link: https://students.sheffield.ac.uk/it-services/research .

Sheffield RSE Team

The Sheffield RSE Team aims to collaborate with you to help improve your research software. They can provide dedicated staff to ensure that you can deliver excellent research software engineering on your research projects.

RSE support via the Centre for Machine Intelligence is available to support members of the University community by enabling, designing, implementing and refining AI streams in research projects.

The Sheffield RSE Team provides free Code Clinics (in collaboration with IT Services ), plus paid services that allow us to collaborate longer term.

Research IT

Research IT directly supports research, both academic and commercial. We provide large scale HPC systems, advice on everything from statistics to ML to data pipelines and training for both students and staff.

Working with academics, our staff are embedded within research groups on both long and short term engagements.

For queries relating to collaborating with the RSE team on projects: [email protected]

Information and access to JADE II and Bede .

Join our mailing list so as to be notified when we advertise talks and workshops by subscribing to this Google Group .

Queries regarding free research computing support/guidance should be raised via our Code clinic or directed to the University IT helpdesk .

Black and Veatch Faculty Fellowship for Chowdhury’s AI-based protein design research

Ratul Chowdhury , an assistant professor in the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (CBE), was recently named a Black and Veatch Building a World of Difference Faculty Fellow in Engineering.

Chowdhury and his research group develop AI-based novel computational platforms to study metal-protein interactions, unravel structural factors for viral infection across humans and animals, and image processing to analyze biological data across scales.

“We develop and deploy biologically aware AI-computing platforms to study existing protein structures and extract ground rules for their function. By weaving a carefully designed tapestry of advanced computing steps, we can use these ground rules to design new proteins for solving problems in energy, environment, sustainability, and health,” says Chowdhury.

“In addition to molecular simulations, we have a dedicated focus toward making utility-driven, open-source, web-based image processing tools. These can analyze complex biological images ranging from fluorescent tissue samples, drug release in whole organs, and can even rapidly tackle changes in organ sizes between healthy and diseases states,” he adds.

Innovation: A priority at Iowa State and Black and Veatch

A cornerstone of the fellowship is Black and Veatch’s belief in the need for innovation to address the long-term needs for safe, sustainable and responsible infrastructure.

“We honor the Black and Veatch goals in different ways,” Chowdhury remarks. “The applications of our work span multiple business aspects. On one end we are committed to design better protein products for the synthetic biology industry with the motto of improved living through better biochemistry; making better detergents, degrading plastic, synthesizing biopolymers. On the other end, we are interested in delivering the power of advanced computing toward human as well as livestock health through faster surveillance of diseases, understanding immuno-metabolic rationales, and intervention through advanced therapeutics.”

A wide range of research with Chowdhury lab

Chowdhury is a primary investigator for a grant funded by the Iowa Economic Development Authority that seeks to design novel microbes which can digest complex woody waste to convert it to precursors for high-value chemicals. He is also a co-investigator for a National Science Foundation-funded project for design of therapeutic molecules for emerging and re-emerging respiratory diseases. On another Department of Energy funded grant (through Ames National Laboratory), he is designing novel proteins which can sequester rare earth elements and recycle them into manufacturing magnets – which are key for supporting a better tomorrow through making electric vehicles and hard drives for data centers.

Learn more about the Chowdhury Lab and the team’s research.

Chowdhury joined the CBE faculty in 2022, and is also part of the Bioinformatics and Computational Biology interdepartmental program. He received a B.S. degree in chemical engineering from Jadavpur University, India in 2013. He earned his Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the Pennsylvania State University in 2019 and performed his postdoctoral research as a fellow at the Harvard Medical School, Department of Systems Biology, from 2020-2022.

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Outstanding Achievements at MERCon 2024: Best Paper Awards

The Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Moratuwa is proud to announce that two of our esteemed faculty members have received Best Paper Awards at the 10th Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon 2024), held from August 8th to 10th, 2024.

• Paper Title: Hybrid Voltage Sag Mitigation for Renewable Integrated Weak Distribution Systems Using a Load Management and Robust Inverter Control Approach Authors: S. Fernando, L.N.W. Arachchige, H.M. Wijekoon Track: Power Systems, Electrical Machines, and High Voltage Engineering Staff Member : Prof. L.N.W. Arachchige
• Paper Title: Development of Sensorless-Based Bimanual Tele-Rehabilitation Robot for Hemiparetic Post-Stroke Patients Authors: M. Perera, T.I. Hettiarachchi, A.S. Kumara, , S.D.A.P. Senadeera, R.M.M. Ruwanthika Track: Robotics and Intelligent Systems Staff Member: Dr. R.M.M. Ruwanthika

These awards highlight the innovative research and dedication of our faculty members in advancing the fields of power systems and robotics. Their work not only contributes to academic excellence but also has significant potential for real-world applications. We extend our heartfelt congratulations to Prof. L.N.W. Arachchige and Dr. R.M.M. Ruwanthika for their exceptional contributions and this well-deserved recognition. Their achievements continue to elevate the reputation of our department and inspire our students and colleagues alike.  

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SMU Lyle School of Engineering Welcomes Dr. Hamidreza Karbasian as Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering

Dr. Karbasian’s expertise in fluid mechanics and aerospace applications, combined with his innovative approach to utilizing digital twins, positions him as a key addition to our Mechanical Engineering Department.

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SMU Lyle School of Engineering is pleased to announce that Dr. Hamidreza Karbasian has joined our faculty as an Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering , effective August 1, 2024. Dr. Karbasian’s expertise in fluid mechanics and aerospace applications, combined with his innovative approach to utilizing digital twins, positions him as a key addition to our Mechanical Engineering Department.

Dr. Karbasian comes to SMU from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he worked as a Postdoctoral Associate in the Department of Mechanical Engineering. His research at MIT focused on developing advanced mathematical algorithms and leveraging digital twins to enhance the understanding and application of fluid mechanics in aerospace engineering. His work in these areas is not only groundbreaking but also critical to advancing technology in industries that rely heavily on fluid dynamics and computational modeling.

Before his tenure at MIT, Dr. Karbasian was awarded the prestigious Fields Postdoctoral Fellowship at the Fields Institute at the University of Toronto. His research during this time laid the groundwork for significant advancements in the application of mathematics to engineering challenges, particularly in the realms of fluid mechanics and aerospace.

Dr. Karbasian’s work has already made a substantial impact in his field, and we are excited to see how his research will continue to evolve at SMU. His expertise in digital twins and mathematical modeling will play a crucial role in driving innovation within our Mechanical Engineering program, particularly in the areas of aerospace engineering and fluid mechanics.

Please join us in welcoming Dr. Hamidreza Karbasian to SMU Lyle. We look forward to the many contributions he will make to our academic community, research initiatives, and the broader field of mechanical engineering.

About the Bobby Lyle School of Engineering SMU's Lyle School of Engineering  thrives on innovation that transcends traditional boundaries. We strongly believe in the power of externally funded, industry-supported research to drive progress and provide exceptional students with valuable industry insights. Our mission is to lead the way in digital transformation within engineering education, all while ensuring that every student graduates as a confident leader. Founded in 1925, SMU Lyle is one of the oldest engineering schools in the Southwest, offering undergraduate and graduate programs, including master’s and doctoral degrees.

About SMU SMU is the nationally ranked global research university in the dynamic city of Dallas. SMU’s alumni, faculty and nearly 12,000 students in eight degree-granting schools demonstrate an entrepreneurial spirit as they lead change in their professions, community and the world.

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Battelle Memorial Institute

Reverse engineering/vulnerability research intern (spring 2025).

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For brilliant minds in science, technology, engineering and business operations, Battelle is the place to do the greatest good by solving humanity’s most pressing challenges and creating a safer, healthier and more secure world.

At Battelle, interns and co-ops make an impact through hands-on learning and exciting and challenging projects. Our interns are an integral part of the teams they support and will feel like they are a true, valued team member. We recognize and appreciate the value and contributions of individuals with diverse backgrounds and experiences and welcome all qualified individuals to apply.

A brighter future is possible with you .

Job Summary

Application Deadline: September 25th

We are currently seeking a Reverse Engineering/Vulnerability Research Intern for Spring Semester 2025 (January-April) . This position is onsite, located in Columbus, OH .

Do you like solving the hardest computing problems in the world, working on research projects you are passionate about, and competitive Table Tennis and bumper pool? Battelle may be the company for you.

Battelle Cyber Engineers solve the toughest Computer Science problems in the world. We work in small agile teams to push the bounds of computing technology. Our high-powered computer labs include specialized software and hardware, so our engineers have everything they need to invent new Cyber solutions.

Our team is casual. We usually wear t-shirts and jeans. We are a close-knit group and enjoy participating in social activities outside of work. Whether it is visiting local restaurants, bowling, Korean BBQ, or paintball we always have a good time.

Battelle is committed to its employee’s professional growth. We encourage new ideas with our large Internal Research and Development (IRAD) program where engineers work on projects they are passionate about.

Responsibilities

Collaborate with the Cyber Innovations Team to improve reverse engineering and embedded system development capabilities, integrating hardware, software, and reverse engineering tasks

Support the latest Cyber Innovation Unit’s research and development programs

Learn and improve your reverse engineering and vulnerability research skills through project and team building activities

Conduct and / or participate in assigned technical tasks and activities with minimum supervision and within time and budget constraints.

Work independently and effectively in a multi-disciplinary team environment; Effectively communicate ideas with other engineers; and work with minimal supervision

Key Qualifications

Current enrollment in an Associate or Bachelor degree program in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, or any other related field of study

Must have at least 1-year of college level coursework completed

Experience writing or debugging software code in C or C++ or debugging microcontroller code (C or C++)

Fundamental knowledge of computer architecture and experience working with computer assembly languages (x86, x64, ARM)

Familiarity with disassemblers/decompilers (IDA Pro/Free, Ghidra, Binary Ninja)

Interest in one or more of the following areas:

Computer Network Defense (CND), Computer Network Operations, Information Operations, and/or Cyber Operations

Electrical engineering, microelectronics, and embedded systems

Reverse Engineering, Vulnerability Research/Discovery

Ability to demonstrate good organization, communication, problem-solving and teamwork skills

Must be a sole US citizen with the ability to obtain and maintain a US government security clearance

Preferred Qualifications

Ability to apply learned cyber skills to real life scenarios (internships, hack-a-thons, cyber security clubs, CTFs, etc.)

Experience working with multi-disciplinary teams

Experience with one or more of the following areas:

High level software languages such as Java, C#, or Python

Low level debug tools such as OllyDbg, WinDbg, or Immunity Debugger

Microcontroller design and assembly languages

Traditional electronics lab equipment supporting test and debug activities

Reverse engineering embedded hardware and software

Analyzing disassembled code

Programming and using data acquisition tools

Preparing You for Career Success

The Battelle intern and co-op program is a great way to increase experience both on a team and as an independent contributor. Ninety-eight percent of internship survey respondents said they felt better prepared to enter the workforce after their Battelle internship and 100% said they were treated with respect by their colleagues.

You will have the opportunity to thrive in a culture that inspires you to:

Apply your talent to challenging and meaningful projects

Pursue ideas in scientific and technological discovery

Collaborate with world-class experts in an inclusive environment

Become the next generation of scientific leaders and business professionals

Are you ready to help solve the most important challenges of today and tomorrow?

If so, we are ready to support you with:

Flexible work schedules: Most teams follow a flexible, compressed work schedule that allows for every other Friday off

Employee Resource Groups that help cultivate an inclusive and welcoming community

Social and professional networking events with Battelle Senior Leadership and your colleagues

Opportunities for philanthropic involvement to give back and make an impact in the community

Vaccinations & Safety Protocols

Battelle may require employees, based on job duties, work location, and/or its clients’ requirements to follow certain safety protocols and to be vaccinated against a variety of viruses, bacteria, and diseases as a condition of employment and continued employment and to provide documentation that they are fully vaccinated. If applicable, Battelle will provide reasonable accommodations based on a qualified disability or medical condition through the Americans with Disabilities Act or the Rehabilitation Act or for a sincerely held religious belief under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (and related state laws).

Battelle is an equal opportunity employer. We provide employment and opportunities for advancement, compensation, training, and growth according to individual merit, without regard to race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, age, genetic information, disability, veteran-status veteran or military status, or any other characteristic protected under applicable Federal, state, or local law. Our goal is for each staff member to have the opportunity to grow to the limits of their abilities and to achieve personal and organizational objectives. We will support positive programs for equal treatment of all staff and full utilization of all qualified employees at all levels within Battelle.

The above statements are intended to describe the nature and level of work being performed by people assigned to this job. They are not intended to be an exhaustive list of all responsibilities, activities and skills required of staff members. No statement herein is intended to imply any authorities to commit Battelle unless special written permission is granted by Battelle’s Legal Department.

For more information about our other openings, please visit www.battelle.org/careers