phd or phd degree

• October 11, 2023
• Education Advice

Ph.D. vs. Doctorate: What are the Differences?

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For those who have a deep-seated attitude, pursuing a doctoral degree can be a tough yet beneficial journey. Currently enrolled in a doctorate program means that a person has already scooched over college admissions, went through high stake tests and exams, and finished all those research papers and long hours spent in university libraries hitting the books. While studying for a doctorate entails asserting oneself to an extensive amount of quality time and money , its significance and purpose usually pave the way to a lucrative end.

After having finished the Master’s Degree , students begin to think about their next step in their academic career. Then, paradoxically, while navigating through academia, they find themselves baffled by the immense terms and terminologies used to label specific degrees. Because the terms “Doctorate” and “Ph.D.” are somehow interlocked and overlap, and because “PhD” is sometimes used inconsistently, it can lead to considerable confusion. Ph.D. vs. Doctorate? You might wonder what their difference is, and why they are important. E xplaining what each of these terms stands for, the difference between them, and why they are valuable, can help you steer yourself down the right path from the outset.

Doctorate Degree vs. Ph.D.

At first glance, it is pretty easy to confuse these two terms. But it is important for everyone to be able to make a distinction between the two. In this article, we will discuss the difference between Ph.D. and Doctorate in detail in order to get rid of any confusion you may have. In the academic world, the terms Doctorate and Ph.D. are currently used interchangeably. Both of them are the top cap of the ladder. However, a doctorate is mostly used as an umbrella term covering many fields ranging from professional degrees, humanities, and scientific disciplines.

A Ph.D. or Doctor of Philosophy, on the other hand, is a subcategory of a doctoral degree, it is much more distinct and clear-cut and is usually narrower in nature encompassing only humanities and scientific fields. In plain English, when someone says they are enrolling on a doctoral degree, it means they are doing a Ph.D. in a specific field. So, technically, in common parlance, there is no difference between the two terms.

But at the other end of the spectrum, one should be careful not to confuse a professional doctoral degree with a Ph.D. The former is more practical and is designed to prepare students to apply existing knowledge to find solutions to real-life problems and has a direct application to a particular profession.

A Ph.D. is theoretical by nature and is more academic and research-focused. it is often fixed on disseminating knowledge by conducting authentic research which means reviewing and identifying gaps in current literature and evaluating the relevance of existing and emerging theories within a particular field.

What Is a Ph.D. Degree and Why Should You Go for It?

Students who acquire a Ph.D. are justly proud — they wear it as a badge of identity in the academic elite. Traditionally, a Ph.D. was associated with teaching, which from Latin licentia docendi meant “license to teach”. However, the concept of Ph.D. has been on shifting sands nowadays and has become a more general term that isn’t necessarily confined to teaching only.

The Value of a PhD

Obtaining a Ph.D. helps you capitalize on the emerging academic opportunities making you more easily identifiable to employers or businesses seeking to fill professional, higher-level job positions. Many of these career options, conversely, are not available to those who do not belong to the Ph.D. club. While pursuing a Ph.D. requires devoting a tremendous effort and time and making significant personal sacrifices pushing the boundaries of knowledge, it’s all in service of the area of study you’re most passionate and zealous about. Ultimately, once you’ve attained your Ph.D., you will have achieved the pinnacle of education— something not too many people have or are able to accomplish.

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What Is a Doctorate Degree?

A doctoral or doctorate degree is usually the most advanced degree one can earn in an academic discipline. Many pursue a doctorate degree to increase their professional credibility, be acknowledged as an expert in a specific field, and improve their resume.

A doctorate degree is a graduate-level credential that is usually earned after multiple years of graduate school. Earning a doctoral degree requires a significant level of research and work. In order to get this degree, one has to research a subject thoroughly, conduct new research and analysis, and provide a solution or interpretation into the field. But what types of doctoral degrees are available?

Types of Doctorate Degrees

There are two categories of doctorate degrees: an academic degree and a professional doctorate degree. An academic degree focuses on research, data analysis, and the evaluation of theory. A professional doctorate degree, on the other hand, is considered a terminal degree, which means that one has achieved the most advanced degree in the field. This degree is specifically designed for working professionals who want to grow in their careers.

Professional Doctorate Degrees

A professional doctorate is designed for working professionals who have experience in the field and want to increase their knowledge, improve their credibility, and advance their careers. This degree focuses on applying research to practical issues, coming up with interpretation and solutions, as well as designing effective professional practices within a particular field.

Professional doctoral degrees include:

Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)

The DBA degree is ideal for students who already have a general business background and are interested in delving deeper into the practical and theoretical aspects that underpin business education. More to the point, in DBA you will develop the ability to solve real-life problems, discover the relevant expertise to innovate and uphold complex business issues and so much more. Upon completion, DBA students will possess enhanced leadership and strategic skills as well as the tools to propel their careers in today’s marketplace. The Business Administration industry is keen on finding such graduates with business skills and this is indicated by the immense job positions currently available.

Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)

If you are interested in setting your eyes on creating lifelong learning among your students, making a positive influence in educational culture, contributing to the growing body of research in the education realm , or just enhancing your subject matter expertise, the Doctor of Education program ticks all the boxes. This degree maintains a rigorous approach in academic education that prepares graduates to showcase the skills and expertise to devise solutions in tackling the challenges in contemporary education practice and become transformational leaders in the industry.

Doctor of Computer Science (DCS)

The demand for computer scientists has reached its peak and it is among the most sought-after positions nowadays. With a degree in DCS, you will have the opportunity to design, apply innovative experiments, predict trends and, ultimately, develop a richer understanding and contribute to your area of expertise. After all, who doesn’t want an exciting and financially stable career?

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Doctor of Medicine (M.D.)

The Doctor of Medicine degree is designed to prepare you for various medical challenges in different settings nationally and internationally. This program will further develop your critical thinking and clinical reasoning skills required for safe, high-quality medical practices. It will also improve your leadership, communication, and teamwork skills for collaborative patient care.

Doctor of Optometry (O.D.)

This professional degree typically requires four years of study. It focuses on basic biological sciences such as anatomy and physiology, microbiology, neuroanatomy, and so on. This doctoral degree will prepare, educate, and train professionals to practice at the highest level of proficiency, professionalism, and integrity.

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

The Doctoral of Psychology degree concentrates on the clinical and applied aspects of psychology. This type of doctorate prepares students for professional practice and clinical placement. This degree will be highly beneficial when working directly with patients who need psychology services. In addition, this degree allows doctors of psychology to confidently function as researchers and clinicians.

How to Choose a Ph.D. Program?

Choosing a Ph.D. program can be pretty challenging; it is a big academic decision and investment that requires commitment and perseverance. But how can you pick the right Ph.D. program for you? Well, there are some tips to help you choose the best fit for your goals and preferences:

• Think about the reasons why you want a Ph.D., what you expect to gain from it, and whether it is compatible with your professional goals.
• Consider your research environment.
• Take your time to research, compare, and consider multiple opportunities carefully.
• Pick a subject that interests and motivates you but is also practical.
• Ask your professors and other scholars in the field for advice.

All in all, the terms “Doctorate’’ and “Ph.D.” are in essence the same, which means all Ph.D. students are Doctoral students as well. On the other hand, earning a Ph.D. degree is no joke. If anything, Ph.D. students have the tenacity, patience, persistence, and years of hard work that you can vouch for. Ultimately, deciding what type of doctoral degree you should hop on, depends on your career goals, what you are passionate about and how you are going to achieve it.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a doctorate and a ph.d..

In academic contexts, the terms “Doctorate” and “Ph.D.” are often used interchangeably, but there is a distinction. A Doctorate is an umbrella term covering a wide range of fields, including professional degrees, humanities, and scientific disciplines. A Ph.D., or Doctor of Philosophy, is a specific type of doctoral degree, typically focused on research and academic pursuits in the humanities and scientific fields.

Why should I pursue a Ph.D.?

Pursuing a Ph.D. can be a valuable endeavor, as it opens up academic and research opportunities, enhances your expertise in a specific field, and makes you more attractive to employers seeking candidates for high-level positions. It’s a chance to push the boundaries of knowledge and become an expert in your chosen study area.

What are the benefits of a professional doctorate?

Professional doctorate degrees, such as Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) or Doctor of Education (Ed.D.), are designed for working professionals who want to apply research to practical issues in their field. These degrees can enhance your career prospects, leadership skills, and problem-solving abilities within your profession.

How do I choose the right Ph.D. program?

To choose the right Ph.D. program, consider your career goals, research environment, and personal interests. Take your time to research and compare programs, seek advice from professors and experts in your field, and ensure that the program aligns with your professional aspirations.

What are the main differences between academic and professional doctorate degrees?

Academic doctorate degrees focus on research, theory evaluation, and data analysis, often leading to careers in academia or research. Professional doctorate degrees are more practical, designed for working professionals, and concentrate on applying research to real-world problems within a specific field.

Can I earn a Ph.D. in any field?

Ph.D. programs are available in various fields, including humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, engineering, and more. However, the specific availability of Ph.D. programs may vary by field and university.

Is a Ph.D. a challenging journey?

Yes, pursuing a Ph.D. can be a challenging journey that requires dedication, patience, and years of hard work. It involves conducting original research, writing a dissertation, and often teaching or assisting in courses. It’s a significant commitment, but it can be highly rewarding.

What are the potential career opportunities after earning a Ph.D.?

With a Ph.D., you can pursue careers in academia as a professor or researcher, work in research and development roles in various industries, or take on leadership positions in organizations. The specific career path will depend on your field of study and personal interests.

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PhD vs. Doctorate: Everything You Need to Know

Karla Ibarra is a content writer at Scholarships 360. She has worked as an English teacher and writing tutor. As a writing tutor, she has experience editing scholarships and college application essays. Karla graduated from Texas A&M University with a degree in Communication and a minor in English.

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Deciding whether or not a postgraduate education is something you want to pursue? It might be overwhelming to think about postgraduate education when you aren’t even sure what the difference between a PhD and a doctorate is. Learning about each will help you decide whether  a PhD or doctorate degree is best for you. Let’s get started!

What is a PhD?

“Doctor of Philosophy” is commonly referred to as a “PhD.”  A PhD is a kind of doctoral degree that focuses on theoretical research. “Theoretical” has to do with assumptions  that people have on a topic. The research explores ideas related to a particular subject rather than the practical application to real life. Earning a PhD is a popular option for those that want to pursue teaching at a university level.

What is a doctorate?

Doctoral degrees emphasize research and practical application. Students pursuing doctoral degrees often conduct observation based research in their chosen fields. Earning a doctorate degree often leads to research professional careers. An example of 

Which degree is “higher” academically? 

Both PhDs and doctorates are known as “terminal” degrees, meaning  they are the highest degrees you can earn. A PhD falls into the category of doctorate, so one is not “higher” than the other. 

See also : Everything you need to know about a doctorate degree 

Basic similarities and differences

As a PhD falls into the doctorate category, they share similar attributes. However, they are not completely the same. Here are some basic similarities and differences to help avoid confusing them.

Similarities

• The highest level of a graduate degree
• Requires rigorous research
• Students gain a deeper understanding of the area of study
• Able to teach as a professor at a university
• Must complete dissertations
• Leads to higher paying jobs

Differences

• Doctorates require a more hands-on approach to coursework
• PhDs follow a more theoretical approach
• Doctoral dissertations focus on real-world issues and how to apply them
• PhD dissertations use data to theorize and form hypotheses

Which one is more expensive: a PhD or a doctorate degree?

The cost of earning either a PhD or doctorate varies depending on many factors, such as institution attended  and years of completion. Nevertheless, the average price for a doctorate degree is about $114,300 . For a PhD, the average cost is about $98,800 total. 

See also: How much does a PhD cost?  

Key Takeaways

• Both a PhD and doctorate are the highest level graduate degrees one can earn
• PhDs focus on theoretical research while doctorates put theory into practice
• On average, PhDs require a more time to complete vs doctorate
• Salaries for PhD or doctorate degree earners vary depending on the career entered

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Doctorate vs PhD: What’s the Difference?

Quick Highlights:

• Professional doctorates and PhDs differ in focus , duration , and potential career earnings .
• Both are doctoral degrees, but a PhD is specifically academic and focused on original research.
• Professional doctorates (like an Ed.D, M.D., DBA) are applied and tailored to specific professions.
• In most cases, you’ll need to complete a bachelor’s and a master’s degree before pursuing a doctoral degree.

In the academic world, achieving a doctoral degree represents the highest level of study within a field. These degrees grant their recipients not only more knowledge within their particular field, but also more respect and more upward mobility in their careers. 

Is a doctorate a PhD? Often, the terms doctoral degree and doctor of philosophy, or Ph.D., are used interchangeably. This isn’t 100% accurate, though. There are subtle but important differences that set a doctoral degree apart from a Ph.D. degree. These differences are critical to understand before you plan your own path through higher education.  Doctorate vs PhD, what is the difference ?

Related:  How to Prepare for your Graduate School Interview

What Is a Doctoral Degree?

A doctoral degree is a general term for a terminal degree that usually is awarded when someone pursues their studies beyond the level of a bachelor’s and a master’s degree. Doctoral degrees can be awarded in any number of fields, from education and English literature to chemistry and calculus.

Doctoral degrees typically come in two forms:

• a professional (also known as applied doctorate)
• an academic doctorate

Related: What is a Terminal Degree?

What is an Applied Doctorate Degree?

Professional or applied doctorate degrees qualify someone to work in a specific profession. This includes things like:

Doctor of Medicine (M.D.)

Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)

Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)

Degree holders with a professional doctorate degree are qualified to work at the highest level within their field. 

These professional degrees require academic research. It will culminate in a dissertation which must be defended in front of a group. A dissertation, like a thesis, is a lengthy and involved paper that incorporates research and applies a theory to make advances within the field.  

Some of the most common fields for a professional doctoral program are:

• Physical therapy
• Osteopathic medicine
• Occupational therapy
• Educational leadership
• Medicine 

We’ll discuss a few of the most common professional doctorate degree programs below.

Related: What Is The Difference Between College and University?

An Ed.D. is a professional doctorate for educators with teaching and administration responsibilities as well as those working in nonprofits and governmental agencies. These programs offer advanced leadership training which can help students advance their career. Students learn effective strategies to solve real-world problems they’ll encounter out in the field.

Ed.D. programs do not follow a standard curriculum. Each program is unique, and many can be tailored to meet the needs of each individual student. Some are offered online while others follow a more traditional format.

Doctor of Business Administration

The DBA is a professional degree for business professionals. These programs build upon the skills taught in an MBA program. Students are often accomplished executives who want to be better, more innovative business leaders.

DBA students conduct practical research that directly applies to the business world. Students will develop new insights and solutions to business challenges.

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Psychology is an area where students can choose to complete either a Ph.D. or a PsyD degree. A PsyD degree emphasizes the clinical and applied aspects of psychology. This degree is growing in popularity for several different reasons:

• Completion time is often less than a traditional PhD
• Specialization options
• Opportunity to complete a dual degree (MSW or MPH are popular)

The PsyD focuses on practice over research so students begin working on fieldwork sooner in the program. This hands-on experience is valuable as students begin to build their professional portfolio.

Related: Best Online Doctorates in Psychology

An M.D. is the degree of choice for students planning a career in medicine. These highly competitive and rigorous programs include the classroom and intensive training students need to join the medical field.

M.D. programs usually require students to complete four years of medical school followed by a residency. The residency can take between two and five years depending on the area of medicine.

While an M.D. degree requires a significant commitment of time and money, the investment plays off with a high salary and job security.

Doctor of Optometry (O.D.)

An O.D. an expert in primary eye care. They diagnose and manage diseases and disorders of the eye. An O.D. degree can take between eight and nine years of education beyond high school. Students take classes in areas like:

• gross anatomy
• neuroscience
• biochemistry

An optometrist can determine if an individual needs corrective lenses or contacts to improve their vision. They can check for signs of glaucoma or other degenerative eye conditions. In some states, an optometrist can prescribe certain medications.

Regardless of the individual field that you pursue, you can know that a doctoral degree will make you a highly qualified candidate for upper level positions in your field. 

What Is a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) Degree?

Academic doctorates, on the other hand, are degrees that qualify someone to study, research, or teach at the highest level in his or her field. At some schools, like Franklin University, professional doctorates are referred to as an application oriented-degree while Ph.D.s, or academic doctorates, are referred to as research degrees. 

A Ph.D. is actually a specific type of doctoral degree. This means that rather than being completely separate from one another, Ph.D.s are really just a specific subtype of the umbrella term “doctorate degree.” 

A Ph.D. is an academic degree focused on original research and the application of new ideas to existing knowledge. This research based degree emphases research skills that allow student to contribute to the advancement of their field. Lots of people falsely believe that a Ph.D. is limited to fields in the social sciences. This is likely due to the word “philosophy” in the title. Rather than meaning philosophy in the modern sense, though, the word philosophy in a Ph.D. refers to its Latin origins, meaning “love of wisdom”. 

The reality is that Ph.D.s are research degrees available in many fields. Some of the most common degree fields for a Ph.D. include:

• Applied mathematics
• Accounting and finance
• Biomedical engineering
• Chemical engineering 
• Clinical psychology
• Computer science
• Counseling psychology
• Data analysis

No matter what kind of Ph.D. you undertake, you will always graduate from a Ph.D. program with a high level of competence, respect, and mobility within your career field. 

How To Apply for a PhD vs Doctorate Program

Once you’ve made the choice between a professional degree versus doctorate , you’ll need to figure out how to apply to your chosen program. Because Ph.D. programs are simply a specific type of a doctorate program, the application process varies more by school than it does by degree type. 

In general, when you apply to a doctoral program, you’ll need to have already completed a bachelor’s and a master’s degree. In many cases, your bachelor’s degree can be in any field. It does not need to be related to the field you’re pursuing at the professional level. In most cases, your master’s does need to be related in some way. 

If it’s not, there’s a strong likelihood that you’ll need to complete some prerequisite graduate-level classes before you can apply for your doctorate program. You’ll need to check with each program about the prerequisites before you apply. 

Once you’re sure that you meet the prerequisites required of a doctoral student, you’ll also need to get your application materials. Generally this means:

• transcripts from your undergrad and graduate school coursework
• letters of recommendation
• an essay or statement of purpose
• recent GRE or GMAT scores

Again, application requirements will vary by school so you’ll want to check directly with those you’re applying to. 

PhD vs Doctorate Degree: Which is Longer?

The amount of time it takes to complete your doctorate vs PhD degree will largely depend on what work you’ve done before it, and whether you’ll be pursuing it part-time or full-time. If you have completed a master’s in the field already, you will need to complete fewer credits to complete the doctoral degree. 

At some schools, there is an option to combine your master’s with your doctorate degree. These accelerated programs usually allow you to take a year of study off your total commitment.

Still, terminal degrees are no small time commitment. Most degrees take anywhere from five to eight years to complete when pursued full-time. In general, Ph.D. programs tend to take slightly longer than professional doctorates. For example, to complete a doctor of education (Ed.D.) degree, doctoral students must complete at least 60 credits. In contrast, Ph.D. students completing a Ph.D. in Education must complete 90 credits. 

Earning Potential of a Professional Doctorate vs PhD

While a professional doctorate and a Ph.D. are seemingly very similar, they do differ in terms of earning potential. 

This is likely because many Ph.D. programs lead to careers in teaching or research. These are two fields that are notoriously low in funding, unless you find one of the relatively less common highly paid positions in these fields. 

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average salary for a postsecondary teacher at colleges or universities is about $80,000. The average salary of postsecondary teachers in the field of scientific development and research is more, at nearly $110,000, and the average salary of a researcher in the field of medical science is nearly $90,000. 

Compare these salaries to those of professional doctorates like a medical doctor or a lawyer. A medical doctor earns an average salary of $208,000 while a lawyer receives an average salary of roughly $123,000. 

Doctoral Degree vs PhD: How Do They Stack Up?

While a Ph.D. is simply a subtype of doctorate, there are some distinct differences that set it apart from professional doctorate degrees. 

While Ph.D.s are typically heavy on research, professional doctorates are heavy on application of knowledge to a specific professional field. The body of knowledge developed in a Ph.D. program may be slightly broader, while the knowledge built in a professional doctorate program is tailored more directly to a specific career. 

Both programs have similar application processes, but the Ph.D. program may take slightly longer to complete on average than the professional doctorate program does. Finally, professional degree PhD program graduates tend to earn slightly more than Ph.D. graduates. 

If you’re interested in pursuing a doctorate degree, you’ll need to consider a professional doctorate degree vs PhD. You’ll want to research your programs before applying. Sites like CollegeRank can help you to narrow your options by providing curated college rankings geared to a number of different factors, from campus size to return on investment, and more. 

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• Capella University Blog
• PhD/Doctorate

The difference between a PhD and professional doctorate

March 27, 2018

What’s the difference between a PhD and a professional doctorate?

Some people say that a PhD prepares you to teach, while a professional doctorate is more geared toward a professional career. But the answer to the question is more complex.

Leaders in corporate organizations often benefit greatly from having a PhD, and individuals with a professional doctorate may hold adjunct or even regular faculty posts at universities. Everyone who obtains a doctoral degree from Capella University is a scholar-practitioner—meaning they are equipped with a deep understanding of foundational theory and how it directly applies to the current and future needs of their profession, as well as the skills and knowledge to research, teach, consult, and lead.

Deciding whether to pursue a PhD or professional doctorate can be a complex process. The differences between the two doctoral program types vary in every field—and they are also evolving. In terms of programs at Capella, all doctoral programs require coursework and an independent research project. Some require comprehensive exams, and many include residencies.

The primary difference between PhD and professional doctorate programs is the type of research conducted in the independent research phase.

PhD students are expected to create, expand, and contribute to knowledge, research, and theory in their field of study. This kind of discovery is often called original research.

Professional doctorate students are expected to expand and apply existing knowledge and research to existing problems in their professional field. This is often referred to as applied research.

The following graphic shows the differences between a PhD program and a professional doctorate program:

• Degree Focus
• Independent Research Project
• Career Intention*

Contribute new knowledge aimed at solving real-world problems.

Professional Doctorate

Apply existing knowledge aimed at solving real-world problems.

Five-chapter dissertation.

Five-chapter applied dissertation or paper, product, or portfolio

More interest in consulting and/or conducting research.

More interest in practicing directly in the profession.

*In many instances, both a PhD and professional doctorate prepare students for teaching at the college or university level.

Ultimately, deciding whether to pursue a PhD or professional doctorate in your field of study should start with assessing your career goals  and how you plan to apply your degree, and determining the kind of research that interests you most.

Capella University offers PhD and/or professional doctorate degree programs in business, information technology, education, nursing, health care, psychology, counseling, social work, and public service. Learn more about Capella’s doctoral degree programs.

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What is a PhD Degree? [2024 Guide]

As you’re taking a look at potential grad school programs, you might be asking yourself, “What is a PhD degree?”

Understanding what a PhD is and what’s involved in earning one can help you decide whether to enroll in this type of doctoral program. You might decide that a PhD is a strategic step for you to take to further your career.

Editorial Listing ShortCode:

If you choose to pursue a PhD, you’ll be glad to know that you can also earn this type of degree online through an accredited university.

What Is a PhD Degree?

After earning a bachelors degree and a masters degree, you may be considering taking your education even further.

The next step for you might be a Doctor of Philosophy degree, better known as a PhD. As a terminal degree, a PhD can set you apart as an expert in your field. Earning a doctoral degree is not a small undertaking. The process includes multiple steps and can last for several years.

Components of a Ph.D. degree program often include:

• Advanced courses in your chosen field
• Classes in research methods, data analysis, and scholarly writing
• Examination of current literature and studies related to your field
• Oral or written comprehensive exams
• Original research project—includes writing and defending a major paper about your research

The dissertation, sometimes known as a thesis, is usually the part of a PhD program that takes the longest. During the dissertation process, you’ll work under the supervision of a faculty advisor, often someone whose research interests correlate with yours. You’ll design a research project, carry it out, and write about your findings. This project is meant to contribute new ideas to your field.

A PhD is particularly suitable for students who love school settings and want to pursue academic careers. For instance, professors often have PhDs. It’s also common for scientists and other researchers to hold this type of degree. Outside of  academia, a PhD could set you apart as a knowledgeable leader in your field.

Benefits of a PhD Degree

Getting your PhD can be an incredible personal goal worth achieving. Plus, a degree at this level can offer many professional benefits, such as:

• Career advancement . As a person with a PhD, you may be considered an expert in your field. That could help qualify you for a variety of top roles within your line of work.
• Higher earnings . A job promotion or a new employer might offer you a higher salary.
• Networking . You can meet new people and build professional connections as you work toward a PhD.
• Preparation for becoming a professor . Universities typically prefer to hire faculty members who hold PhDs in their area of expertise.
• Research opportunities . Before you can earn your PhD, it’s necessary to complete an original research project called a dissertation. After completing your degree, you may have additional opportunities to contribute research to your field.

If you’re willing to put in the work, then getting your PhD could be worth the effort.

How to Know If a PhD Is Right for Me

Before you sign up for a PhD program, it’s helpful to carefully weigh the decision and make sure it’s the right choice for you. You might ask yourself the following questions:

• Am I willing to commit years to the process ? PhDs take at least 3 years, and most take longer than that.
• Do I want to carry out original research ? This is a research-focused degree, and the purpose is to contribute new ideas or theories to your field.
• Does an academic career interest me ? Many people get PhDs because they want to work in higher education as teachers or researchers. Those who plan to remain as practitioners often consider professional doctorates instead.

It can also be helpful to speak with faculty members and current students to get a feel for what you can expect from PhD studies.

Applying for a Ph.D: Education Requirements

It’s necessary to put in years of study before you can apply for a PhD program. Most students need to hold at least two degrees already. But, in some cases, one may be sufficient.

• Bachelor’s degree . All graduate programs require students to have earned a four-year undergraduate degree before enrolling in advanced studies. Most PhD programs don’t specify that your bachelors degree must be in the same field as your hoped-for doctoral studies, but it can help you move through a graduate-level program with more ease.
• Master’s degree . Colleges often expect students to have earned a master’s degree before applying for PhD studies, but some programs do allow students straight out of bachelor’s degree programs. Doing a master’s degree first can provide strong preparation for the advanced coursework, research, and writing that are required in doctoral programs.

It is often required that the degrees you have be from accredited colleges. It may also be necessary to meet a minimum GPA requirement, such as a score of 3.0 or higher. Some colleges prefer PhD applicants who have graduated from previous programs with honors.

Doctor of Philosophy: Admissions Requirements

Doctoral programs can be quite selective about whom they admit because they’re looking for capable students who can keep up with the demands of the program and contribute valuable new research to the field.

In addition to meeting the education requirements, you’ll also be required to turn in records that demonstrate your academic potential. Here are some common admissions requirements:

• College transcripts and professional resume
• Letters of recommendation from people who know you academically or professionally
• Statement about relevant background, research interests, or professional goals
• Proposal that presents the original research project you’d be interested in doing
• Scores from the GRE or GMAT (not always required)

You might also connect with the department’s faculty members and find someone who would be willing to serve as your academic supervisor for your dissertation. It’s beneficial for this person’s research interests to align with your own.

Some schools have you do this before admission, and others connect admitted students to supervisors later in the enrollment process.

What Does PhD Stand For?

PhD stands for “Doctor of Philosophy.” It doesn’t mean that you’ve studied philosophy at the highest levels. Rather, the word “philosophy” in the name refers back to ancient Greek. It implies that you are someone who loves and seeks wisdom and knowledge.

You can get a PhD in many different subject areas—such as a Doctor of Philosophy in Mathematics or a Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology. PhD students explore their chosen field of study in great depth. They also learn how to conduct original research, and they undertake major research projects. By graduation, they are considered experts in their fields.

What Do You Learn in a Doctoral Degree?

In a PhD program, you’ll learn about your chosen area of study, such as biology or sociology. You will also study a niche area within that field in great depth.

Research is a significant topic in any PhD program. Your courses might include topics on:

• Advanced statistics
• Dissertation preparation
• Literature review
• Quantitative and qualitative methods
• Research methodology

These research-focused classes may be tailored to your particular area of study, such as research methodology in the social sciences or advanced statistics in criminal justice research.

What Can You Do with a PhD Degree?

Many people earn PhD degrees because they want to teach at the college level. This degree is often required for tenured faculty positions at universities.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics states that most postsecondary teachers earn between $46,690 and $172,130 each year. Research scientists often hold PhDs as well. Examples include medical scientists, biochemists, and physicists.

Additionally, there are some career paths that require a doctorate for licensure. For instance, clinical and counseling psychologists usually need to receive training at the doctoral level before they can practice independently.

Do You Need a Masters to Get a PhD?

Whether you’ll need a masters before you can begin the PhD process will depend on the program you choose.

Many PhD programs require a master’s degree as an admissions requirement. Completing a master’s program can provide a strong research and writing foundation that can help you during this advanced program. Other programs, though, let students enroll with only a bachelors degree.

There might be additional classes required to prepare you for working at the graduate level, so it may take a bit longer to complete your studies. For more information on whether you need a master’s to get a PhD , you can consult the admissions requirements of each program you’re considering.

Can You Get a PhD Online?

There are many online PhD programs available for aspiring students looking for flexibility. Some PhD programs are offered entirely online. You can take all of your classes online, and you can also receive guidance from your faculty advisor and defend your dissertation from afar.

Other programs are mostly online but require some in-person experiences. You might be asked to come to campus for a week or two of intensive study. Also, you may be asked to show up in person for your dissertation defense. Either way, online PhD studies are often more accessible for working professionals than fully on-campus programs.

How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD?

Students often spend 3 to 5 years completing a PhD program. Online programs sometimes include features like year-round classes and short course terms that encourage quick completion.

The shortest PhD programs typically do not involve writing a dissertation. There may be a different final assignment, such as a capstone project, instead. You might be able to finish one of those programs in about 3 years. Not all students finish within 5 years. Some spend around a decade on this massive undertaking. Some PhD programs set an upper limit for completion, such as 7 or 8 years.

Is a PhD a Doctor?

People with PhDs are considered experts in their fields, and the degree includes “Doctor” in its name. For that reason, PhD holders often use the title “Doctor.” A college professor, for example, might go by Dr. Smith.

Even still, there’s a difference between MD vs. PhD. A person who holds a PhD is not a medical doctor. Medical doctors earn a Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree before becoming licensed to practice medicine. In most contexts, though, people refer to professionals with PhDs as “doctors.”

What Jobs Can You Get with a PhD?

People with doctorate degrees work in both academia and professional practice. Being a college professor is quite popular among people who hold PhDs. The Bureau of Labor Statistics says that a PhD can also be helpful for obtaining jobs in higher education administration, particularly as a dean or a provost.

PhD graduates may work in research as well. Research jobs are available with colleges, government agencies, and private institutions. Researchers are needed in many different fields, including biology, mathematics, computer science, and economics. PhDs also help people rise to the top in their industries, perhaps as chief executives.

How Much Does a PhD Cost?

Some graduate schools charge just $300 to $400 per credit hour. Others may charge $2,000 per credit hour or more.

Per-credit-hour rates between $600 and $1,000 are quite common. It’s helpful to keep in mind that state universities often charge less for in-state residents than nonresidents. Your total number of credit hours may depend on how many years you spend working on your dissertation.

Some universities offer tuition-free PhD programs for qualifying participants. The students may even receive a stipend in exchange for research or teaching assistance. This arrangement is more common for on-campus programs than online ones.

What’s the Difference Between a Doctorate vs. PhD Degrees?

Is a PhD a doctorate degree ? For your terminal degree, you may have the choice between a PhD degree and a professional doctorate. While they are both doctoral degrees, they do have some differences.

Professional doctorates are sometimes a year or two quicker than PhDs, but that’s not always the case.

Is a PhD Worth It?

Yes, a PhD is worth it for many students. For one thing, holding a PhD could be the key to fulfilling your professional dreams.

If you want to be a professor, for instance, there’s a good chance that you’ll be required to have this advanced degree. Even if that’s not your ultimate goal, a PhD could be beneficial. The more education you have, the more your job security usually increases.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, there’s an inverse relationship between education and unemployment. As education increases, unemployment rates decrease.

Getting Your PhD Degree Online

An exciting future as an expert in your field may await. You can earn a PhD to increase your knowledge, prove your capability, and contribute new ideas to your area of study. Getting this degree is an impressive accomplishment, and it may open new doors for your career. For convenience and accessibility, you might take a look at online PhD studies.

Many accredited colleges offer robust online PhD programs. You’ll get to take advanced courses and work with respected professors. An online program can also offer opportunities for completing a thesis or a doctoral project. You could graduate prepared to make a difference in your field.

Why not start exploring your options today?

• Harvard Business School →
• Doctoral Programs →

PhD Programs

• Accounting & Management
• Business Economics
• Health Policy (Management)
• Organizational Behavior
• Technology & Operations Management

Students in our PhD programs are encouraged from day one to think of this experience as their first job in business academia—a training ground for a challenging and rewarding career generating rigorous, relevant research that influences practice.

Our doctoral students work with faculty and access resources throughout HBS and Harvard University. The PhD program curriculum requires coursework at HBS and other Harvard discipline departments, and with HBS and Harvard faculty on advisory committees. Faculty throughout Harvard guide the programs through their participation on advisory committees.

How do I know which program is right for me?

There are many paths, but we are one HBS. Our PhD students draw on diverse personal and professional backgrounds to pursue an ever-expanding range of research topics. Explore more here about each program’s requirements & curriculum, read student profiles for each discipline as well as student research , and placement information.

The PhD in Business Administration grounds students in the disciplinary theories and research methods that form the foundation of an academic career. Jointly administered by HBS and GSAS, the program has four areas of study: Accounting and Management , Marketing , Strategy , and Technology and Operations Management . All areas of study involve roughly two years of coursework culminating in a field exam. The remaining years of the program are spent conducting independent research, working on co-authored publications, and writing the dissertation. Students join these programs from a wide range of backgrounds, from consulting to engineering. Many applicants possess liberal arts degrees, as there is not a requirement to possess a business degree before joining the program

The PhD in Business Economics provides students the opportunity to study in both Harvard’s world-class Economics Department and Harvard Business School. Throughout the program, coursework includes exploration of microeconomic theory, macroeconomic theory, probability and statistics, and econometrics. While some students join the Business Economics program directly from undergraduate or masters programs, others have worked in economic consulting firms or as research assistants at universities or intergovernmental organizations.

The PhD program in Health Policy (Management) is rooted in data-driven research on the managerial, operational, and strategic issues facing a wide range of organizations. Coursework includes the study of microeconomic theory, management, research methods, and statistics. The backgrounds of students in this program are quite varied, with some coming from public health or the healthcare industry, while others arrive at the program with a background in disciplinary research

The PhD program in Organizational Behavior offers two tracks: either a micro or macro approach. In the micro track, students focus on the study of interpersonal relationships within organizations and the effects that groups have on individuals. Students in the macro track use sociological methods to examine organizations, groups, and markets as a whole, including topics such as the influence of individuals on organizational change, or the relationship between social missions and financial objectives. Jointly administered by HBS and GSAS, the program includes core disciplinary training in sociology or psychology, as well as additional coursework in organizational behavior.

Accounting & Management  

Business economics  , health policy (management)  , marketing  , organizational behavior  , strategy  , technology & operations management  .

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• Master’s vs PhD | A Complete Guide to the Differences

Master's vs PhD | A Complete Guide to the Differences

Published on November 27, 2020 by Lauren Thomas . Revised on May 10, 2024.

The two most common types of graduate degrees are master’s and doctoral degrees:

• A master’s is a 1–2 year degree that can prepare you for a multitude of careers.
• A PhD, or doctoral degree, takes 3–7 years to complete (depending on the country) and prepares you for a career in academic research.

A master’s is also the necessary first step to a PhD. In the US, the master’s is built into PhD programs, while in most other countries, a separate master’s degree is required before applying for PhDs.

Master’s are far more common than PhDs. In the US, 24 million people have master’s or professional degrees, whereas only 4.5 million have doctorates.

Table of contents

Master’s vs phd at a glance, which is right for you, length of time required, career prospects, costs and salaries, application process, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about master's and phd degrees.

The table below shows the key differences between the two.

	Master’s	PhD
Career prospects	Usually intended for a career outside of academia.	Prepares for a research career, ideally as a university professor.
Length of time	1–2 years	5–7 in the US (master’s degree included); 3–5 outside the US (after a separate master’s degree)
Structure	Mostly coursework, often with a semester-long or capstone project at the end.	2 years of coursework (in the US), followed by 3–5 years of preparing a dissertation, which should make a significant original contribution to current knowledge.
Cost	Varies by country, university and program; usually higher upfront cost with limited financial aid available.	Tuition fees are usually waived and a living stipend provided in exchange for being a teaching or research assistant.
Graduate salaries	Wage premium (compared to earnings with a high school education) is 23% on average.	Wage premium is 26% on average.

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A PhD is right for you if:

• Your goal is to become a professor at a university or some other type of professional researcher.
• You love research and are passionate about discovering the answer to a particular question.
• You are willing to spend years pursuing your research even if you have to put up with a lot of dead ends and roadblocks.

A master’s degree is the better choice if any of the following apply:

• You want to continue studies in your field, but you’re not committed to a career as a professional researcher.
• You want to develop professional skills for a specific career.
• You are willing to pay a higher upfront cost if it means finishing with your degree (and thus being able to work) much faster.
• You want the option to study part-time while working.

The length of time required to complete a PhD or master’s degree varies. Unsurprisingly, PhDs take much longer, usually between 3–7 years. Master’s degrees are usually only 1–2 years.

Length of a master’s

Master’s degrees are usually 2 years, although 1-year master’s degrees also exist, mainly in the UK.

Most of the degree consists of classes and coursework, although many master’s programs include an intensive, semester-long master’s thesis or capstone project in which students bring together all they’ve learned to produce an original piece of work.

Length of a PhD

In the US, a PhD usually takes between 5 and 7 years to complete. The first 2 years are spent on coursework. Students, even those who choose to leave without finishing the program, usually receive a master’s degree at this point.

The next 3–5 years are spent preparing a dissertation —a lengthy piece of writing based on independent research, which aims to make a significant original contribution to one’s field.

Master’s degrees tend to prepare you for a career outside of academia, while PhDs are designed to lead to a career in research.

Careers for master’s graduates

There are two types of master’s degrees: terminal and research-intensive. The career prospects are different for each.

Terminal master’s degrees are intended to prepare students for careers outside of academia. Some degrees, known as professional degrees, specifically prepare students for particular professions; these include the Master of Public Policy (MPP), Master of Business Administration (MBA), Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT), Master of Fine Arts (MFA), and Master of Public Health (MPH) degrees.

Other master’s degrees, usually Master of Arts (MA) or Master of Sciences (MS or MSc) degrees, do not necessarily lead to a specific career, but are intended to be a final degree. Examples include an MS in Communications or MS in Data Analytics.

In research-intensive master’s programs, students take coursework intended to prepare them for writing an original piece of research known as the master’s thesis . Such programs are usually intended to prepare for further study in a doctoral program.

Careers for PhD graduates

As research degrees, PhDs are usually intended to lead to an academic career. A PhD can be thought of like an apprenticeship, where students learn from professional researchers (academics) how to produce their own research.

Most students aspire to become a university professor upon the completion of their degree. However, careers in academia are highly competitive, and the skills learned in a doctoral program often lend themselves well to other types of careers.

Some graduates who find they prefer teaching to producing research go on to be teachers at liberal arts colleges or even secondary schools. Others work in research-intensive careers in the government, private sector, or at think tanks.

Below are a few examples of specific fields and non-academic careers that are common destinations of graduates of those fields.

• Computer Science
• Lab Sciences

Many government jobs, including economists at a country’s central bank, are research-intensive and require a PhD. Think tanks also hire economists to carry out independent research.

In the private sector, economic consulting and technology firms frequently hire PhDs to solve real-world problems that require complex mathematical modeling.

Graduate students from the humanities are sometimes hired by museums, who can make use of their research and writing skills to curate exhibits and run public outreach.

Humanities PhDs are often well-suited to research and grant-writing roles at nonprofits. Since so much of research is funded by grants, PhD students often gain a lot of experience applying for them, which is a useful skill in the nonprofit sector.

There are a wide range of non-academic research jobs for lab scientists with doctorates in subjects like chemistry, biology, ecology and physics.

Many PhD graduates are hired by pharmaceutical companies that need to perform research to create and test their products. Government agencies, such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), also hire lab scientists to work on research projects.

Job prospects after graduation vary widely based on the field. In fields like management, computer science, statistics, and economics, there’s little underemployment—even graduates from less well-known programs can easily find jobs that pay well and use the skills they’ve gained from the PhD.

However, in other fields, particularly in the humanities, many PhD graduates have difficulty in the job market. Unfortunately, there are far more PhD graduates than assistant professor roles, so many instead take on part-time and low-paid roles as adjunct instructors. Even non-academic careers can sometimes be difficult for PhDs to move into, as they may be seen as “overqualified”  or as lacking in relevant professional experience.

Because career options post-PhD vary so much, you should take the time to figure out what the career prospects are in your field. Doctoral programs often have detailed “placement” records online in which they list the career outcomes of their graduates immediately upon leaving the program. If you can’t find these records, contact the program and ask for them—placement information should play an important role in your choice of PhD program.

Although PhDs take far longer to complete, students often receive a living stipend in exchange for being a teaching or research assistant. Master’s degrees are shorter but less likely to be funded.

Both master’s degrees and PhDs lead to increased salaries upon graduation. While PhDs usually earn a bit more than those with a master’s degree, in some fields, the wages are identical, meaning that no financial benefit is gained from going on to a PhD.

Cost of a master’s

The upfront cost of a master’s degree is usually higher than a doctoral degree due to the lower amount of financial aid available. However, increased salaries also arrive faster than with a doctoral degree, because people graduate much earlier from a master’s program.

Some master’s students do receive stipends for their degrees, usually as compensation for being a teaching or research assistant. In addition, many people complete master’s degrees part time while working full-time, which allows them to fund their living costs as well as tuition.

The cost varies significantly by school and program. Public schools are usually cheaper than private ones. Some master’s degrees, such as MBAs, are notoriously expensive, but also result in much higher wages afterwards that make up for the high cost.

The master’s wage premium , or the extra amount that someone with a master’s degree makes than someone with just a high school diploma, is 23% on average. Many universities provide detailed statistics on the career and salary outcomes of their students. If they do not have this online, you should feel free to contact an administrator of the program and ask.

Cost of a PhD

PhDs, particularly outside the humanities, are usually (though not always) funded, meaning that tuition fees are fully waived and students receive a small living stipend. During the last 3–5 years of a PhD, after finishing their coursework (and sometimes before), students are usually expected to work as graduate instructors or research assistants in exchange for the stipend.

Sometimes students can apply for a fellowship (such as the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Program in the United States) that relieves them of any obligations to be a teaching or research assistant. Doctoral programs in the US tend to be better funded than in the rest of the world.

Sometimes, PhD degrees can be completed part-time, but this is rare. Students are usually expected to devote at least 40 hours a week to their research and work as teaching or research assistants.

The main cost of doctoral programs comes in the form of opportunity cost—all the years that students could be working a regular, full-time job, which usually pays much better than a graduate school stipend.

The average wage premium for PhDs is 26%, which is not much higher than the master’s degree premium.

In the US, the application process is similar for master’s and PhD programs. Both will generally ask for:

• At least one application essay, often called a personal statement or statement of purpose .
• Letters of recommendation .
• A resume or CV .
• Transcripts.
• Writing samples.

Applications for both types of programs also often require a standardized test. PhDs usually require the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), which tries to measure verbal reasoning, quantitative, critical thinking , and analytical writing skills. Many master’s programs require this test as well.

Applying for a master’s

Master’s degrees programs will often ask you to respond to specific essay prompts that may ask you to reflect upon not just your academic background, but also your personal character and future career ambitions.

Northwestern University’s Kellogg Business School requires Master’s of Business Administration (MBA) applicants write two essays, one about a recent time they demonstrated leadership and the second about their personal values.

Who you should ask for your letters of recommendation varies by program. If you are applying to a research-intensive master’s program, then you should choose former professors or research supervisors. For other programs, particularly business school, current work supervisors may be a better choice.

Some professional master’s programs require a specific test. For example, to apply to law school, you must take the Law School Admissions Test, or LSAT. For business school, you must take either the GRE or the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT).

Applying for a PhD

When applying for a PhD, your resume should focus more on your research background—you should especially emphasize any publications you’ve authored or presentations that you’ve given.

Similarly, your statement of purpose should discuss research that you’ve participated in, whether as an assistant or the lead author. You should detail what exactly you did in projects you’ve contributed to, whether that’s conducting a literature review, coding regressions, or writing an entire article.

Your letters of recommendations should be from former professors or supervisors who can speak to your abilities and potential as a researcher. A good rule of thumb is to avoid asking for recommendations from anyone who does not themselves have a PhD.

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A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.

All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.

A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.

A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.

This depends on the country. In the United States, you can generally go directly to a PhD  with only a bachelor’s degree, as a master’s program is included as part of the doctoral program.

Elsewhere, you generally need to graduate from a research-intensive master’s degree before continuing to the PhD.

This varies by country. In the United States, PhDs usually take between 5–7 years: 2 years of coursework followed by 3–5 years of independent research work to produce a dissertation.

In the rest of the world, students normally have a master’s degree before beginning the PhD, so they proceed directly to the research stage and complete a PhD in 3–5 years.

A master’s degree usually has a higher upfront cost, but it also allows you to start earning a higher salary more quickly. The exact cost depends on the country and the school: private universities usually cost more than public ones, and European degrees usually cost less than North American ones. There are limited possibilities for financial aid.

PhDs often waive tuition fees and offer a living stipend in exchange for a teaching or research assistantship. However, they take many years to complete, during which time you earn very little.

In the US, the graduate school application process is similar whether you’re applying for a master’s or a PhD . Both require letters of recommendation , a statement of purpose or personal statement , a resume or CV , and transcripts. Programs in the US and Canada usually also require a certain type of standardized test—often the GRE.

Outside the US, PhD programs usually also require applicants to write a research proposal , because students are expected to begin dissertation research in the first year of their PhD.

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Olympic Breakdancer Raygun Has PhD in Breakdancing?

Rachael gunn earned a zero in breakdancing at the paris 2024 olympic games., aleksandra wrona, published aug. 13, 2024.

About this rating

Gunn's Ph.D. thesis, titled "Deterritorializing Gender in Sydney's Breakdancing Scene: a B-girl's Experience of B-boying," did cover the topic of breakdancing. However ...

... Gunn earned her Ph.D. in cultural studies. Moreover, a "PhD in breakdancing" does not exist as an academic discipline.

On Aug. 10, 2024, a rumor spread on social media that Rachael Gunn (also known as "Raygun"), an Australian breakdancer who competed in the 2024 Paris Olympics, had a Ph.D. in breakdancing. "This australian breakdancer has a PhD in breakdancing and dance culture and was a ballroom dancer before taking up breaking. I don't even know what to say," one X post on the topic read .

"Australian Olympic breakdancer Rachael Gunn has a PhD in breakdancing and dance culture," one X user wrote , while another asked, "Who did we send? Raygun, a 36-year-old full-time lecturer at Sydney's Macquarie University, completed a PhD in breaking culture and is a lecturer in media, creative arts, literature and language," another X user wrote .

The claim also spread on other social media platforms, such as Reddit and Instagram . 

"Is she the best break dancer? No. But I have so much respect for going on an international stage to do something you love even if you're not very skilled at it," one Instagram user commented , adding that, "And, I'm pretty sure she's using this as a research endeavor and will be writing about all our reactions to her performance. Can't wait to read it!"

In short, Gunn's Ph.D. thesis, titled "Deterritorializing Gender in Sydney's Breakdancing Scene: A B-girl's Experience of B-boying," indeed focused on the topic of breakdancing. However, Gunn earned her Ph.D. in cultural studies, not in breakdancing. Furthermore, it's important to note that a "PhD in breakdancing" does not exist as an academic discipline. 

Since Gunn's research focused on the breakdancing community, but her degree is actually in the broader field of cultural studies, we have rated this claim as a "Mixture" of truths.

Gunn "secured Australia's first ever Olympic spot in the B-Girl competition at Paris 2024 by winning the QMS Oceania Championships in Sydney, NSW, Australia," the Olympics official website informed . 

Gunn earned a zero in breakdancing at the Paris 2024 Olympic Games and clips of her routine went viral on social media, with numerous users creating memes or mocking dancer's moves. "As well as criticising her attire, social media users mocked the Australian's routine as she bounced around on stage like a kangaroo and stood on her head at times," BBC article on the topic read . 

The website of the Macquarie University informed Gunn "is an interdisciplinary and practice-based researcher interested in the cultural politics of breaking" and holds a Ph.D. in cultural studies, as well as a bachelor of arts degree (Hons) in contemporary music: 

Rachael Gunn is an interdisciplinary and practice-based researcher interested in the cultural politics of breaking. She holds a PhD in Cultural Studies (2017) and a BA (Hons) in Contemporary Music (2009) from Macquarie University. Her work draws on cultural theory, dance studies, popular music studies, media, and ethnography. Rachael is a practising breaker and goes by the name of 'Raygun'. She was the Australian Breaking Association top ranked bgirl in 2020 and 2021, and represented Australia at the World Breaking Championships in Paris in 2021, in Seoul in 2022, and in Leuven (Belgium) in 2023. She won the Oceania Breaking Championships in 2023.

Gunn's biography further revealed that she is a member of the Macquarie University Performance and Expertise Reasearch Centre, and has a range of teaching experience at undergraduate and postgraduate levels "across the areas of media, creative industries, music, dance, cultural studies, and work-integrated learning." 

Moreover, it informed her research interests included, "Breaking, street dance, and hip-hop culture; youth cultures/scenes; constructions of the dancing body; politics of gender and gender performance; ethnography; the methodological dynamics between theory and practice."

Gunn earned her Ph.D. from the Department of Media, Music, Communications, and Cultural Studies within the Faculty of Arts at Macquarie University. Below, you can find the abstract of her paper, shared by the official website of Macquarie University:

This thesis critically interrogates how masculinist practices of breakdancing offers a site for the transgression of gendered norms. Drawing on my own experiences as a female within the male-dominated breakdancing scene in Sydney, first as a spectator, then as an active crew member, this thesis questions why so few female participants engage in this creative space, and how breakdancing might be the space to displace and deterritorialise gender. I use analytic autoetthnography and interviews with scene members in collaboration with theoretical frameworks offered by Deleuze and Guttari, Butler, Bourdieu and other feminist and post-structuralist philosophers, to critically examine how the capacities of bodies are constituted and shaped in Sydney's breakdancing scene, and to also locate the potentiality for moments of transgression. In other words, I conceptualize the breaking body as not a 'body' constituted through regulations and assumptions, but as an assemblage open to new rhizomatic connections. Breaking is a space that embraces difference, whereby the rituals of the dance not only augment its capacity to deterritorialize the body, but also facilitate new possibilities for performativities beyond the confines of dominant modes of thought and normative gender construction. Consequently, this thesis attempts to contribute to what I perceive as a significant gap in scholarship on hip-hop, breakdancing, and autoethnographic explorations of Deleuze-Guattarian theory.

In a response to online criticism of her Olympics performance, Gunn wrote on her Instagram profile: "Don't be afraid to be different, go out there and represent yourself, you never know where that's gonna take you":

We have recently investigated other 2024 Paris Olympics' -related rumors, such as:

• Lifeguards Are Present at Olympic Swimming Competitions?
• Hobby Lobby Pulled $50M in Ads from 2024 Paris Olympics?
• 2024 Paris Olympics Are 'Lowest-Rated' Games in Modern History?

Gunn, Rachael Louise. Deterritorializing Gender in Sydney's Breakdancing Scene: A B-Girl's Experience of B-Boying. 2022. Macquarie University, thesis. figshare.mq.edu.au, https://doi.org/10.25949/19433291.v1.

---. Deterritorializing Gender in Sydney's Breakdancing Scene: A B-Girl's Experience of B-Boying. 2022. Macquarie University, thesis. figshare.mq.edu.au, https://doi.org/10.25949/19433291.v1.

Ibrahim, Nur. "Lifeguards Are Present at Olympic Swimming Competitions?" Snopes, 8 Aug. 2024, https://www.snopes.com//fact-check/lifeguards-paris-olympics-swimming/.

"Olympic Breaking: Criticism of Viral Breakdancer Rachael Gunn - Raygun - Condemned by Australia Team." BBC Sport, 10 Aug. 2024, https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/articles/c2dgxp5n3rlo.

ORCID. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1069-4021. Accessed 12 Aug. 2024.

Paris 2024. https://olympics.com/en/paris-2024/athlete/-raygun_1940107. Accessed 12 Aug. 2024.

Saunders, Grant Leigh, and Rachael Gunn. "Australia." Global Hip Hop Studies, vol. 3, no. 1–2, Dec. 2023, pp. 23–32. Macquarie University, https://doi.org/10.1386/ghhs_00060_1.

Wazer, Caroline. "2024 Paris Olympics Are 'Lowest-Rated' Games in Modern History?" Snopes, 1 Aug. 2024, https://www.snopes.com//fact-check/paris-olympics-lowest-rated-games/.

---. "Hobby Lobby Pulled $50M in Ads from 2024 Paris Olympics?" Snopes, 8 Aug. 2024, https://www.snopes.com//fact-check/olympics-hobby-lobby-ads/.

By Aleksandra Wrona

Aleksandra Wrona is a reporting fellow for Snopes, based in the Warsaw, Poland, area.

Article Tags

Phd-Study-In-Usa

• Applying for a PhD in the USA

Written by Taru Medha

Applying to a PhD degree in the USA can be quite an extensive and competitive process. Universities want to make sure students end up on the right graduate programmes and therefore put a lot of time and effort into their admissions process. They expect you to do the same with your application.

This doesn't mean that it's harder to get a place on a US PhD degree. But you will need to provide more material and more detail about your existing qualifications than you might be asked for elsewhere.

On this page

When should i apply for a phd in the usa.

US graduate programmes will have specific application deadlines. It’s common for application windows to open between August and December for admission to a PhD in the autumn (or ‘fall’) of the following year.

How should I apply for a PhD in the USA?

Applications for US PhD programmes are made directly to graduate schools. But bear in mind that US graduate schools will often ask for a lot of supplementary material with your application. Most will also charge an admission fee (usually between $50 and $100 ).

Do I need a Masters to apply for a PhD in the USA?

You won’t necessarily need a Masters to apply for a PhD in the USA. American graduate programmes effectively combine Masters and PhD study. Some students actually receive a Masters at the end of their coursework stage.

If you do already have a Masters , you may be able to receive credit for it and spend less time on the coursework stage of your programme. This decision is made by your graduate school, who will decide how relevant your existing degree is.

To apply for a PhD at an American university, you’ll need to submit a list of documents which include:

• academic transcripts;
• personal statement ;
• letters of recommendation;
• research statements – A research statement is different from a research proposal (required if you’re applying for a PhD in most other countries). You’ll only need to give a general sense of your research interests and possible directions you might like to pursue. The specific details for your project will be developed later in your programme and put forward as part of your research prospectus;
• graduate admission tests – They are a more common requirement in the US education system than they are in other countries. They allow your university to assess general skills such as abstract reasoning, problem solving and critical thinking. A number of tests are in use, but the two most common are the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) and the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT) . Some PhD subjects may use other graduate entry tests in place of (or in addition to) the GRE such as the LSAT for Law programmes . You must check with your university to know which test it requires;
• English academic language test - If English is not your first language you may need to submit a score from a recognised body such as TOEFL or IELTS. Your prospective university will be able to tell you which test it prefers (many will accept more than one), and the minimum score, or scores, it requires.

Decision on your PhD application

There are three potential outcomes for a US PhD application. You may be successful , waitlisted or unsuccessful . If you’re successful or unsuccessful, your university will let you know straight away. However, you may also be waitlisted as a second-choice candidate. If the first-choice candidate declines their offer or isn’t able to enrol on the programme, you’ll be offered their place.

Once you’ve heard back from your university and you have a confirmed place, you’re all set to start applying for your student visa! Read our comprehensive guides to know more how a PhD looks like in the US and the funding options at your disposal.

Search for a PhD in the USA

Ready to start looking for your ideal study abroad opportunity? Browse and compare PhD programmes in the USA on FindAPhD.com.

Our postgrad newsletter shares courses, funding news, stories and advice

You may also like....

Everything you need to know about part-time and full-time work as a student or recent graduate in the USA.

Why you'll need health insurance as an international student in the USA and how to find the right plan for you.

Our guide to PhD funding in the USA has information on fully-funded PhD scholarships, as well as other funding options for international and domestic students.

Our guide tells you exactly what kind of visa you need to study a study in the USA and what you need to apply for it.

What's it like to live in the USA during a PhD? Our guide covers accommodation, student living costs, working and other key information.

We cover the types of student accommodation available in the USA, typical costs and what to keep in mind when booking.

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Graduate Programs

Your next smart career move, earn your graduate degree from saint peter's university.

As soon as we hear from you, we’ll connect you with a graduate admissions counselor who  specializes in your field. Ask them anything about enrolling, school-life balance and possible  career paths—it’s a level of attention you won’t find anywhere else.

• No application fee
• Asynchronous, online options—take classes on your own time
• Affordable tuition comparable to public universities
• Support services to help you stay on track
• Professors who are leaders in their fields—and dedicated to your success
• Credit for previous educational experience
• Complete your program in 15 months to 2 years

Graduate programs in the college of arts & sciences

Our four online or hybrid master’s programs are built to fit your schedule and open up a world of professional possibilities for future Peacocks.

• Online or Hybrid M.A. in Communications and Public Relations
• Online M.A./M.S. in Industrial Organizational Psychology
• Hybrid Master of Public Administration
• Online M.S. in Health Science

how to apply

• Submit an official  online application
• M.A. in Communication and Public Relations admission requirements
• M.A./M.S. in Industrial Organizational Psychology admission requirements
• Master of Public Administration admission requirements
• M.S. in Health Sciences admission requirements

"I could tell right away that the Saint Peter's faculty are really plugged into my field. They are always willing to go the extra mile for me, and the opportunities for networking and internships have been amazing." Glen S., M.S. Industrial Organizational Psychology '25

Graduate Programs in the Caulfield School of Education

• Concentrations available in: Higher Education, Educational Leadership, Reading, Teaching, ESL, Pre K- 3rd Grade; School Counseling; Special Education: Applied Behavior Analysis, Literacy
• Online Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) K12
• Online Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) Higher Education
• Director of School Counseling
• Professional/Associate Counselor
• School Business Administrator
• Supervisor of Instruction
• Teacher of Students with Disabilities
• If you attended our alternate route program, don’t forget that you buy back your credits and finish your graduate degree!

"Being a successful educator means juggling multiple responsibilities and stakeholders without burning out. Saint Peter's gave me a new sense of momentum about my career." Taylor, Ed.D. '25

graduate programs in the frank j. guarini school of business

• Concentrations available in: Business Analytics *, Finance, Health Care Administration, Human Resources Management, International Business, Management, Cyber Security, Marketing, Risk Management, Artificial Intelligence (AI) & Strategic Management, Artificial Intelligence (AI) & Machine Learning, Nonprofit Management
• M . BA . /M . S . Accountancy Combined Degrees
• M.S. in Accountancy
• Online or Hybrid M.S. in Business Analytics *
• Professional Hyrbrid M.S. in Business Analytics *
• M.S. in Cybersecurity *
• Online or Hybrid M.S. in Data Science *
• Professional Hyrbid M.S. in Data Science *
• M.S. in Finance *
• Online or Hybrid M.S. in Marketing Science *
• Ph.D. in Data Science
• Admission requirements for all graduate programs in Business

* STEM designated

graduate programs in the school of nursing

We offer an online M.S. in Nursing   as well as an online Post-Master’s Adult Gerontology Nurse Practitioner program for those who already have an MSN and want to be at the leading edge of this critical field.

RN without a bachelor’s in nursing​

If you’re a registered nurse with a bachelor’s degree in a field other than nursing, our RN to MSN Bridge program is tailormade for you.

• Course Format : 100 percent online, with practicum hours at practice facilities
• Program Duration : 14 credit hours; can be completed in 14–36 months
• Calendar : 15-week semesters

how to apply​

• Admission requirements for all graduate programs in Nursing

not ready to commit to an advanced degree?

We’re ready to meet you where you are. That’s why our certificate programs, summer courses and other continuing education options within the School of Professional Studies offer serious personal and professional boosts for a shorter time commitment.

iNTERNATIONAL sTUDENTS

Are you an International Student interested in Graduate Studies at Saint Peter’s University? Learn more about admission today !

have questions?

Please call or email to make an appointment or to request information about our programs.

Email [email protected] Telephone (201) 761-6470 Fax (201) 435-5270

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Southern Illinois University

Graduate degree programs, on this page, degree programs, certificate programs.

/https://siu.edu/search-results.php

Last Updated: Aug 06, 2024, 03:59 PM

Are you ready to take your education and personal growth to the next level? Look no further than Southern Illinois University! We offer a wide range of options for those seeking post-baccalaureate certificates, online Master's programs, and residential Master's or Doctoral programs. Whether you're looking to enhance your skills in a specific field, advance your career, or delve into cutting-edge research, SIU has plenty of available options to suit your ambitions.

Accountancy - M.Acc.

Degrees offered:.

• M.Acc. in Accountancy
• Concurrent Degree Program: Law (J.D.) / M.Acc.
• See Business Administration for Ph.D. in Accounting

Areas of Interest: Auditing and Accounting Information Systems - M.Acc. Taxation - M.Acc. General - M.Acc.

On Campus - Yes Online - Yes Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - no test required Deadlines - None

Visit the Accountancy Program for Full Details

Agribusiness Economics - M.S.

• M.S. in Agribusiness Economics
• Concurrent Degree Program - M.B.A. / M.S.
• See Environmental Resources Policy for Ph.D.
• See Agricultural Sciences for Ph.D.

Areas of Interest: Agribusiness Economics - M.S. Agricultural Services - M.S. Concurrent Degree Program with Business Administration (COB) - M.S. / M.B.A.

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - no test required Deadlines - None

Visit the Agribusiness Economics Program for Full Details

Agricultural Sciences - Ph.D.

• Ph.D. in Agricultural Sciences

Areas of Interest: Agricultural Economics - Ph.D. Agricultural Systems and Education - Ph.D. Animal Science - Ph.D. Crop Science and Environmental Management - Ph.D. Food and Nutrition - Ph.D. Forestry - Ph.D. Horticulture - Ph.D.

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - GRE Deadlines - None

Visit the Agricultural Sciences Program for Full Details

Animal Science - M.S.

• M.S. in Animal Science

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - GRE Deadlines - Fall - March 1 Spring - September 2

Visit the Animal Science Program for Full Details

Anthropology - M.A., Ph.D.

• M.A. in Anthropology  (currently unavailable)
• Ph.D. in Anthropology  (currently unavailable)

Areas of Interest: Archaeology - M.A., Ph.D Physical / Biological - M.A., Ph.D. Sociocultural - M.A., Ph.D.

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - None Tests Required - GRE (600/250/100 TOEFL required for all internationals) Deadlines - None

Visit the Anthropology Program for Full Details

Architecture - M.Arch.

• On-Campus Degree Path starts in the Summer term – 15 month program
• Online Degree Path starts in the Fall term

Areas of Interest: General

On Campus - Yes Online - Yes Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - no test required Deadlines - February 1

Visit the Architecture Program for Full Details

Art and Design - M.F.A.

• M.F.A. in Art and Design

Areas of Interest: Ceramics - M.F.A Design - M.F.A Drawing - M.F.A Glass - M.F.A Metalsmithing/Blacksmithing - M.F.A Painting - M.F.A Printmaking - M.F.A Sculpture - M.F.A

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - no test required Deadlines - Fall - Feb 15 Applications accepted for Fall ONLY

Visit the Art and Design Program for Full Details

Aviation Management - M.S.

• M.S. in Aviation Management  – Online Program

On Campus - No Online - Yes Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - no test required Deadlines - None

Visit the Aviation Management Program for Full Details

Behavior Analysis and Therapy - M.S.

• M.S. in Behavior Analysis and Therapy (on-campus and 100% online options available)
• Ph.D. in Psychology available

Areas of Interest: Autism Child Abuse and Neglect Experimental Analysis of Behavior Behavioral Economics Applied Behavior Analysis Become a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA)

On Campus - Yes Online - Yes Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - GRE required for the Psychology – Behavioral Analysis and Therapy Specialization Ph.D. program Deadlines - Feb. 1, 2024 is last day to submit applications for Fall 2024 admission.

Visit the Behavior Analysis and Therapy Program for Full Details

Biological Sciences / MEDPREP - M.S.

• M.S. in Biological Sciences

Areas of Interest: MEDPREP - The concentration in MEDPREP / MS program is the only area of interest available through the Biological Sciences program. All other areas of the Biological Sciences program remain closed. If you have not applied to the MEDPREP program, you cannot apply for the Biological Sciences MS program.

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - no test required Deadlines - May 1 - Accepting Applications for Summer ONLY

Visit the Biological Sciences Program for Full Details

Biomedical Engineering - M.S., M.E.

• M.S.in Biomedical Engineering
• M.E. in Biomedical Engineering

Areas of Interest: Bioinformatics Computational Medicine - M.S., M.E. Biomedical Imaging - M.S., M.E. Biomedical Instrumentation - M.S., M.E. Biomechanics and Biomaterials - M.S., M.E. Modeling and Simulation of Biomedical Processes - M.S., M.E.

On Campus - Yes Online - M.E. only Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - GRE Deadlines - None

Visit the Biomedical Engineering Program for Full Details

Biomedical Science - M.S.

• M.S. in Biomedical Science

Visit the Biomedical Science Program for Full Details

Business Administration - M.B.A., Ph.D.

• M.B.A.: Master of Business Administration - Online Only
• Ph.D. in Business Administration

M.B.A. Concentrations: General Analytics for Managers

Ph.D. Areas of Interest: Finance Marketing Accounting Management

On Campus - Ph.D. only Online - M.B.A. only Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - Ph.D. - GMAT (preferred score 600) or GRE Deadlines - Ph.D. admissions in even numbered years for Fall entry term ONLY Online M.B.A. admissions annually for Summer entry term ONLY

Visit the Business Administration Program for Full Details

Business Analytics - M.S.

• M.S. in Business Analytics - Online Progam

Visit the Business Analytics Program for Full Details

Chemistry - M.S., Ph.D.

• M.S. in Chemistry
• Ph.D. in Chemistry

Areas of Interest: Analytical - M.S., Ph.D. Biochemistry - M.S., Ph.D. Inorganic - M.S., Ph.D. Materials - M.S., Ph.D. Organic - M.S., Ph.D. Physical - M.S., Ph.D.

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - GRE General Exam Deadlines - Fall - February 1 Spring - August 1

Visit the Chemistry Program for Full Details

Civil and Environmental Engineering - M.S., M.E.

• M.S. in Civil Engineering
• M.E. in Civil Engineering
• See Engineering Science for Ph.D.

Areas of Interest: Environmental - M.S., M.E. Geotechnical - M.S., M.E. Hydraulic and Water Resources - M.S., M.E. Structural - M.S., M.E.

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - GRE for M.S. Only Deadlines - Fall - March 1 Spring - September 1 Summer - March 1

Visit the Civil and Environmental Engineering Program for Full Details

Communication Disorders and Sciences - M.S.

• M.S. in Communication Disorders and Sciences

Areas of Interest: Speech and Language Pathology - M.S.

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - GRE is optional Deadlines - Summer - February 1st Applications accepted for Summer Term only

Visit the Communication Disorders and Sciences Program for Full Details

Communication Studies - M.A., Ph.D.

• M.A. in Communication Studies
• Ph.D. in Communication Studies
• *Theater Applicants - For M.F.A. admission, apply to the Theater department. For Ph.D. level admission, apply to the Communication Studies Ph.D. program and note a specialization in Theater on the departmental application. ALL theater applicants (M.F.A. and Ph.D.) should contact Professor Jacob Juntunen in Theater (phone: 618-453-5747 or email:  [email protected] ) for information about the application process and procedures.

Areas of Interest: Intercultural Communication and Pedagogy - M.A., Ph.D. Gender, Sexuality and Communication - M.A., Ph.D. Performance Studies - M.A., Ph.D. Rhetoric and Society Theater - M.A. Theater-Playwriting - Ph.D. Theater-History and Criticism - Ph.D.

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - GRE is optional. Students wishing to be considered for fellowships with the Graduate School should submit GRE scores. (600/250/100 TOEFL required for all international students) Deadlines - Fall - January 1 Applications accepted for Fall ONLY. Theater applicants can apply for any term.

Visit the Communication Studies Program for Full Details

Computer Science - M.S., Ph.D.

• M.S. in Computer Science
• Ph.D. in Computer Science

Areas of Interest: Artificial Intelligence, Soft computing and Multi-Agent Systems - M.S., Ph.D. Bioinformatics - M.S., Ph.D. Computer Graphics and Human Computer Interaction - M.S., Ph.D. Data Management - M.S., Ph.D. Distributed and Parallel Computing - M.S., Ph.D. Networks and Security - M.S., Ph.D. Pattern Recognition, Visualization and Multimedia Processing - M.S., Ph.D. Software Engineering - M.S., Ph.D.

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - GRE for Ph.D. only Deadlines - Master's - Fall - February 15 Master's - Spring - September 15 Ph.D. - Fall - December 31

Visit the Computer Science Program for Full Details

Counseling and Rehabilitation Education - M.S.

• M.S. in Counseling and Rehabilitation Education

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - None Deadlines - Fall - 1st Friday in July Spring - 1st Friday in October Summer - 1st Friday in March

Visit the Counseling and Rehabilitation Education Program for Full Details

Creative Writing - M.F.A.

• M.F.A. in Creative Writing

Areas of Interest: Poetry - M.F.A. Fiction - M.F.A.

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - GRE recommended but not required Deadlines - Fall - February 1

Visit the Creative Writing Program for Full Details

Criminology and Criminal Justice - M.A., Ph.D.

• M.A. in Criminology and Criminal Justice
• Ph.D. in Criminology and Criminal Justice

Areas of Interest: Corrections - M.A., Ph.D. Crime Prevention - M.A., Ph.D. Juvenile Justice - M.A., Ph.D. Law and Society - M.A., Ph.D. Policing - M.A., Ph.D. Policy Analysis and Evaluation - M.A., Ph.D. Spatial Analysis of Crime - M.A., Ph.D.

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - GRE (not required for admission to the MA program) Deadlines - None

Visit the Criminology and Criminal Justice Program for Full Details

Curriculum and Instruction - M.S.Ed., Ph.D.

• Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT)
• M.S.Ed. in Curriculum and Instruction
• Ph.D. in Education : Curriculum and Instruction

Areas of Interest: Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment - M.S.Ed., Ph.D. Human Development and Family Studies- Ph.D. Learning Systems Design Technology - M.S.Ed., Ph.D. Language, Literacies, and Culture - Ph.D. Mathematics Education - Ph.D. Science Education - Ph.D. Secondary Biology, Chemistry, English-Language Arts, History, and Mathematics - MAT Social Science Education - Ph.D. STEM Education - Ph.D. Teacher Leadership - Ph.D.

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - GRE - Ph.D. ONLY Deadlines - MAT - Fall - April 15 M.S.Ed - Fall - July 1/Spring - October 15/Summer - April 1 Ph.D. - Fall - February 1/Spring - September 1/Summer - February1

Visit the Curriculum and Instruction Program for Full Details

Cybersecurity and Cyber Systems - M.S.

• M.S. in Cybersecurity and Cyber Systems
• Interdisciplinary program between the School of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering and the School of Computing

Areas of Interest: Cybersecurity Cyber Systems

On Campus - Yes Online - Coming Soon Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - no test required Deadlines - None

Visit the Cybersecurity and Cyber Systems Program for Full Details

Doctor of Medical Science - DMSc

• Doctor of Medical Science (DMSc)

Areas of Interest: Doctorate Education for PAs

Application Criteria: PA degree from an ARC-PA accredited PA program Active or maintained NCCPA certification Curriculum vitae or résumé Personal Statement 1-3 letter(s) of recommendation

On Campus - No Online - Yes Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - NCCPA Board Certification Deadlines - Two cohort start options per year: Summer semester (May/June) and Spring semester (January) Deadline to apply is 8 weeks before each cohort start

Visit the Doctor of Medical Science Program for Full Details

Economics - M.A., M.S., Ph.D.

• M.A. in Economics
• M.S. in Economics
• Ph.D. in Economics

Areas of Interest: Economic Development - M.A., M.S., Ph.D. International Economics - M.A., M.S., Ph.D. Monetary Economics - M.A., M.S.

Visit the Economics Program for Full Details

Education - Ph.D.

Areas of Interest: Curriculum and Instruction Educational Administration Workforce Education and Development, currently transitioning to… Organizational Learning, Innovation, and Development

Visit the Education Program for Full Details

Educational Administration - M.S.Ed., Ed.D., Ph.D.

• M.S.Ed. in Educational Administration
• Ph.D. in Education: Educational Administration
• Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) in Educational Administration

Areas of Interest: Educational Administration - M.S., Ph.D. Endorsement Program (requires M.S.Ed.)

Visit the Educational Administration Program for Full Details

Electrical and Computer Engineering - M.S., M.E., Ph.D.

• M.S. in Electrical and Computer Engineering
• M.E. in Electrical and Computer Engineering
• Ph.D. in Electrical and Computer Engineering
• Concurrent Degree Program - Law (J.D.) / M.S. in ECE

Areas of Interest: Bioinformatics and Biomedical Instrumentation - M.S., Ph.D. Computer Engineering and Embedded Systems - M.S., Ph.D. Electromagnetics and Optics/Photonics - M.S., Ph.D. Nano Electronics and Emerging Technologies - M.S., Ph.D. Networks - M.S., Ph.D. Power Systems and Control - M.S., Ph.D Security - M.S., Ph.D. Telecommunications and Signal Processing - M.S., Ph.D. VLSI and Design Automation - M.S., Ph.D JD/ECE Concurrent Degree Program - M.S.

On Campus - Yes Online - M.E. only Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - GRE - Required for Ph.D and M.S. Deadlines - None

Visit the Electrical and Computer Engineering Program for Full Details

Engineering Science - Ph.D.

• Ph.D. in Engineering Science
• Ph.D. Coop Program Available with SIUE - See Department for Details

Areas of Interest: Civil and Environmental Engineering - Ph.D. Electrical and Computer Engineering - Ph.D. Industrial and Quality Engineering - Ph.D. Mechanical Engineering and Energy Processes - Ph.D.

Visit the Engineering Science Program for Full Details

English - M.A., Ph.D.

• M.A. in English
• Ph.D. in English

Areas of Interest: Literary Studies - M.A., Ph.D. Rhetoric and Composition - M.A., Ph.D.

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - no test required Deadlines - M.A. - January 1 Ph.D. - January 1

Visit the English Program for Full Details

Environmental Resources Policy - Ph.D.

• Ph.D. in Environmental Resources and Policy

Areas of Interest: Earth and Environmental Processes - Ph.D. Energy and Mineral Resources - Ph.D Environmental Policy and Administration - Ph.D. Forestry, Agricultural and Rural Land Resources - Ph.D. Geographic Information Systems and Environmental Modeling - Ph.D. Water Resources - Ph.D.

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - GRE Deadlines - Fall Admission ONLY

Visit the Environmental Resources Policy Program for Full Details

Forestry - M.S.

• M.S. in Forestry

Areas of Interest: Forest Resource Management – M.S. Ecological Restoration – M.S. Fire Science – M.S. Recreation Ecology – M.S. Human Dimensions of Natural Resource Management – M.S. Wildlife Conservation and Management – M.S. Watershed Management – M.S. Hydrology and Soil Science – M.S.

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - GRE Deadlines - Fall - Second Saturday in July Spring - Last Saturday in November Summer - Last Saturday in March

Visit the Forestry Program for Full Details

Geography and Environmental Resources - M.S.

• M.S. Geography and Environmental Resources
• See Environmental Resources and Policy for Ph.D.

Areas of Interest: Agricultural Geography - M.S. Applied Cartography and Geographic Visualization - M.S. Climate and Water Resources - M.S. Climatology - M.S. Conservation - M.S. Environmental Sustainability - M.S. Geographic Information Science - M.S. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) - M.S. Land Use - M.S. Natural Hazards - M.S. Natural Resource Management - M.S. Remote Sensing - M.S. Rural Geography - M.S.

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - GRE recommended but not required Deadlines - Fall Admission ONLY - February 1

Visit the Geography and Environmental Resources Program for Full Details

Geology - M.A., M.S.

• M.S.in Geology (Fall Admission ONLY)
• M.A. in Geology
• See Geosciences for Ph.D.

Areas of Interest: Active Tectonics - M.A., M.S. Applied Seismology and Potential-Field Geophysics - M.A., M.S. Coal and Energy Resource Geology - M.A., M.S. Environmental Geology - M.A., M.S. Environmental Geochemistry - M.A., M.S. Environmental Geophysics - M.A., M.S. Geomorphology - M.A., M.S. Hydrogeology - M.A., M.S. Low-Temperature Geochemistry - M.A., M.S. Ore Deposits and Economic Geology - M.A., M.S. Organic Geochemistry - M.A., M.S. Paleontology, Micropaleontology, and Paleoecology - M.A., M.S. Petrology - M.A., M.S. Pleistocene Geology - M.A., M.S. Sedimentation and Stratigraphy - M.A., M.S. Structural Geology - M.A., M.S.

Visit the Geology Program for Full Details

Geosciences - Ph.D.

• Ph.D. in Geosciences

Areas of Interest: Biogeochemistry - Ph.D. Earth Surface Processes - Ph.D. Energy and Mineral Resources - Ph.D. Geophysics and Tectonics - Ph.D. Paleobiology - Ph.D.

Visit the Geosciences Program for Full Details

Health Administration - M.H.A.

• Master of Health Administration

Areas of Interest: Health Administration

On Campus - Yes Online - Yes Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - All international applicants must demonstrate proficiency in the English language by submitting an approved English Language Competency Test score with their application. These applicants must have one of the following minimum scores for consideration:

• 550 on the paper-based TOEFL
• 80 on the internet-based TOEFL
• 6.5 on the IELTS
• 105 on the Duolingo English Exam

This applies to all international applicants. No waivers or exemptions will be provided. Students must provide a copy of their scorecard, verifying test results, with their application to the MHA.

Given the accelerated nature of the MHA, the academic program does not agree to or approve late arrivals. Deadlines - None

Visit the Health Administration Program for Full Details

Health Informatics - M.H.I.

• Master of Health Informatics

Areas of Interest: Health Informatics

Visit the Health Informatics Program for Full Details

Higher Education - M.S.Ed.

• M.S.Ed. in Education
• Certificate in College Teaching

Areas of Interest: College Student Personnel (CSP) - M.S.Ed.

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - GRE or MAT Deadlines - None

Visit the Higher Education Program for Full Details

History - M.A., Ph.D.

• M.A. in History
• Ph.D. in Historical Studies

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - GRE (no longer required), TOEFL required for all internationals Deadlines - Fall - January 15 Spring - November 1

Visit the History Program for Full Details

Human Sciences - M.S.

• M.S. Human Sciences

Areas of Interest: Exercise Science Nutrition and Dietetics Sport and Recreation Studies Interdisciplinary

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - no test required Deadlines - Fall - July 15 Spring - November 15 Summer - April 15

Visit the Human Sciences Program for Full Details

Linguistics - M.A.

• M.A. in Linguistics

Areas of Interest: Phonetics and phonology Morphology and syntax Sociolinguistics and applied linguistics

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - 90 on TOEFL (internet-based) or 7.0 on IELTS for international students who are not native speakers of English Deadlines - January 15 - to be considered for fellowships February 25 - to be considered in the first round of funding for teaching assistantships April 25 - to be considered in the final round of funding for teaching assistantships July 25 - to seek admission without funding

Visit the Linguistics Program for Full Details

Mass Communication and Media Arts - M.F.A., Ph.D.

• M.F.A. in Mass Communication and Media Arts
• Ph.D. in Mass Communication and Media Arts

Areas of Interest: Interdisciplinary Media Arts (film, photo, video, sonic, intermedia) - M.F.A. Mass Communication and Media Arts - Ph.D.

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - GRE - Ph.D. ONLY, 100 TOEFL required for all internationals Deadlines - Fall - March 1

Mathematics - M.A., M.S., Ph.D.

• M.S. in Mathematics
• Ph.D. in Mathematics
• Certificate in Dual Credit Mathematics

Areas of Interest: Applied Math - M.S., Ph.D. Probability and Statistics - M.S., Ph.D. Pure Math - M.S., Ph.D.

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - GRE recommended but not required Deadlines - Fall - January 31 Spring - October 1 Summer - January 15 *Late applications will be considered if there are openings for admission / assistantships

Visit the Mathematics Program for Full Details

Mechanical Engineering and Energy Processes - M.S.

• M.S. in Mechanical Engineering

Areas of Interest: Chemical Engineering - M.S. Energy and Fuels - M.S. Material Engineering - M.S. Material Science - M.S. Mechanical Systems - M.S. Thermal and Fluid Science - M.S.

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - GRE Deadlines - Fall - March 1 Spring - October 1 Summer - March 1

Visit the Mechanical Engineering Program for Full Details

Media Theory & Research - M.A.

• M.A. in Media Theory and Research

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - GRE, 600/250/100 TOEFL required for all internationals Deadlines - Fall - February 1

Visit the Media Theory & Research Program for Full Details

Medical Dosimetry - M.S.

• M.S. in Medical Dosimetry

On Campus - No Online - Yes Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - no test required Deadlines - Fall Semester Admission Only January 1 for Track One applications and No Deadline for Track Two applications

Visit the Medical Dosimetry Program for Full Details

Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry - M.S., Ph.D.

• M.S. in Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry
• Ph.D. in Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry

Areas of Interest: Bacteriology - M.S., Ph.D. Biochemistry - M.S., Ph.D. Biophysics - M.S., Ph.D. Cancer Biology - M.S., Ph.D. Cell Biology - M.S., Ph.D. Developmental Biology - M.S., Ph.D. Genetics - M.S., Ph.D. Immunology - M.S., Ph.D. Microbial Physiology - M.S., Ph.D. Microbiology - M.S., Ph.D. Molecular Biology - M.S., Ph.D. Mycology - M.S., Ph.D. Public Health Laboratory Science - M.S., Ph.D. Structural Biology - M.S., Ph.D. Virology - M.S., Ph.D.

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - GRE recommended but not required Deadlines - None

Visit the Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry Program for Full Details

Molecular, Cellular, and Systemic Physiology - M.S., Ph.D.

• M.S. in Molecular, Cellular and Systemic Physiology
• Ph.D. in Molecular, Cellular and Systemic Physiology

Areas of Interest: Cancer Biology - M.S., Ph.D. Endocrinology - M.S., Ph.D. Metabolism - M.S., Ph.D. Neuroscience - M.S., Ph.D. Reproductive Biology - M.S., Ph.D.

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - GRE Deadlines - January 31

Visit the Molecular, Cellular, and Systemic Physiology Program for Full Details

Music - M.M.

• M.M. in Music

Areas of Interest: Collaborative Piano - M.M. Music History and Literature - M.M. Music Education - M.M. Performance (Orchestral Instruments, Guitar, Piano, Vocal, Orchestral Conducting, Wind Conducting, Choral Conducting) - M.M. Music Theory and Composition - M.M.

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - None Deadlines - February 15th (for priority consideration)

Visit the Music Program for Full Details

Occupational Therapy

• OTD in Occupational Therapy

Accreditation Status:

The entry-level Occupational Therapy Doctorate (OTD) program, offered through the School of Health Sciences within the College of Health and Human Sciences, has been granted candidacy status for accreditation by the Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE) of the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA), located at 6116 Executive Boulevard, Suite 200, North Bethesda, MD 20852-4929. ACOTE’s telephone number c/o AOTA is (301) 652-AOTA and its Web address is  www.acoteonline.org .

Consistent with ACOTE policy, the OTD program must have a pre-accreditation review, complete an on-site evaluation, and be granted accreditation for students to be eligible to sit for the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy, (NBCOT) Certification Examination. After successful completion of this exam, the individual will be an Occupational Therapist, Registered (OTR). In addition, all states require licensure in order to practice; however, state licenses are usually based on the results of the NBCOT Certification Examination. 

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - GRE requirement waived for Fall 2022 and Fall 2023, will be required for Fall 2024. See admission criteria . Deadlines - Applications are now open

Visit the Occupational Therapy Program for Full Details

Organizational Learning, Innovation, and Development - M.S.Ed., Ph.D.

• M.S.Ed. in Organizational Learning, Innovation, and Development (online only)
• Ph.D. in Education : Workforce Education and Development

On Campus - Yes Online - Yes Application Fee - $65 Tests Required - GRE required for Ph.D.

• Contact Program for details
• M.S.Ed. - Applications accepted for Fall, Spring and Summer
• Ph.D. - Applications accepted for Fall

Visit the Organizational Learning, Innovation, and Development Program for Full Details

Pharmacology & Neuroscience - M.S., Ph.D.

• M.S. in Pharmacology & Neuroscience
• Ph.D. in Pharmacology & Neuroscience

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required:

• GRE: Required for international applicants, optional but recommended for domestic applicants.
• English proficiency test (International students only - TOEFL, IELTS, and Duolingo accepted)

Deadlines - February 15 for Fall semester admission

Visit the Pharmacology & Neuroscience Program for Full Details

Philosophy - M.A., Ph.D.

• M.A. in Philosophy
• Ph.D. in Philosophy

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required:  GRE Deadlines - February 14

Visit the Philosophy Program for Full Details

Physician Assistant - M.S.P.A., D.M.Sc.

• M.S.P.A. in Physician Assistant Studies
• (For D.M.Sc. please see Doctor of Medical Science)

On Campus - Yes Online - Yes Application Fee - $65 Tests Required:  None Deadlines :

• Summer Admission ONLY. Apply by November 1 (unless extended with notice).
• Complete and submit a PA program application at  https://caspa.liaisoncas.com/applicant-ux/#/login
• Courses begin either during the last week of May or during the first week of June, depending upon the calendar year.

Visit the Physician Assistant Program for Full Details

Physics - M.S., Ph.D.

• M.S. in Physics
• Ph.D. in Applied Physics
• Experimental Physics : Magnetism, Magnetocaloric materials, Gas Adsorption, Nanomaterials, Transport properties, Energy Storage Materials, Novel Functional Nanostructures, Semiconductor Physics, Laser Spectroscopy, Optical Physics, Biomedical Optical and Laser Spectroscopy Research, Optical spectroscopy, Spintronics, Thin Film Heterostructures, Quantum materials - M.S., Ph.D
• Theoretical Physics: Soft Condensed Matter Theory, Quantum Computing, Quantum Error Correction, Quantum Information Theory, Computational Materials Physics - M.S., Ph.D.

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required: GRE required for Ph.D. only Deadlines :

• Fall semester: Jan 15th
• Spring semester: Oct 15th

Visit the Physics Program for Full Details

Plant Biology - M.S., Ph.D.

• M.S. in Plant Biology
• Ph.D. in Plant Biology

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required: 550/213/79-80 TOEFL required for all internationals Deadlines : None

Visit the Plant Biology Program for Full Details

Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems - M.S.

• M.S. in Plant and Soil Science

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required: None Deadlines : None

Visit the Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems Program for Full Details

Political Science - M.A., Ph.D.

• M.A. in Political Science
• Ph.D. in Political Science
• Expects Verbal and Quantitative scores sum to 300 or higher
• 600/250/100 TOEFL required for all internationals

Deadlines : Fall - January 15

Visit the Political Science Program for Full Details

Population Health - Ph.D.

• Ph.D. in Population Health - Fall admission only

On Campus - Yes Online - Yes Application Fee - $65 Tests Required : None Deadlines : April 1st

Visit the Population Health Program for Full Details

Professional Media & Media Management Studies - M.S.

• M.S. in Professional Media and Media Management Studies

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required : 600/250/100 TOEFL required for all internationals Deadlines : Fall - February 1

Visit the Professional Media & Media Management Studies Program for Full Details

Psychology - M.A., M.S., Ph.D.

• Accelerated M.S. in Applied Psychology ( only current SIU undergraduate students can apply)
• Ph.D. in Psychology – Applied Psychology, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, and Clinical Psychology (Adult/Child)

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required : GRE required for the Psychology – Behavioral Analysis and Therapy Specialization Ph.D. program Deadlines : 

• December 1st for Clinical Psychology is last day to submit applications for Fall 2024 admission
• February 1st for Applied Psychology and Brain and Cognitive Sciences is last day to submit applications for Fall 2024 admission

Visit the Psychology Program for Full Details

Public Administration - M.P.H.

• M.P.A. in Public Administration - Online only
• Concurrent Degree Program - Law (J.D.) / M.P.A.

On Campus - No Online - Yes Application Fee - $65 Tests Required : None Deadlines : N/A

Visit the Public Administration Program for Full Details

Public Health - M.P.H.

• M.P.H. in Public Health
• Concurrent Degree Program - Ph.D / M.P.H.
• Concurrent Degree Program - M.D. / M.P.H.

On Campus - No Online - Yes Application Fee - $65 Tests Required : None Deadlines : Summer - May 1 (Summer Admission Only)

Visit the Public Health Program for Full Details

Public Safety Administration - M.S.

• M.S. in Public Safety Administration

On Campus - Yes Online - Yes Application Fee - $65 Tests Required : None Deadlines : Fall - July 15 Spring - December 1 Summer - May 15

Visit the Public Safety Administration Program for Full Details

Quality Engineering and Management - M.S.

• M.S. in Quality Engineering and Management

On Campus - Yes Online - Yes Application Fee - $65 Tests Required : None Deadlines : Fall - April 1 Spring - October 1 Summer - February 1

Visit the Quality Engineering and Management Program for Full Details

Radiological Sciences - M.S.

• M.S. in Radiological Sciences

Visit the Radiological Sciences Program for Full Details

Social Work - M.S.W.

• M.S.W. in Social Work
• Concurrent Degree Program - Law (J.D.) / M.S.W..

On Campus - Yes Online - Yes Application Fee - $65 Tests Required : None

Visit the Social Work Program for Full Details

Sociology - M.A., Ph.D.

• M.A. in Sociology
• Ph.D. in Sociology

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required : GRE Deadlines : January 1

Visit the Sociology Program for Full Details

Speech Communication - M.A., Ph.D.

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required :

• GRE - optional. Students wishing to be considered for fellowships with the Graduate School should submit GRE scores.
• 600/250/100 TOEFL or IELTS score of 7 required for all international students, unless from a country on the  exempt list

Deadlines : Fall - January 1 Applications accepted for Fall ONLY. Theater applicants can apply for any term.

Visit the Speech Communication Program for Full Details

Strategic Analytics - M.S.

Visit the Strategic Analytics Program for Full Details

Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages - M.A.

• M.A. in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required : 90 on TOEFL (internet-based) or 7.0 on IELTS for international students who are not native speakers of English Deadlines : January 15 - to be considered for fellowships February 25 - to be considered in the first round of funding for teaching assistantships April 25 - to be considered in the final round of funding for teaching assistantships July 25 - to seek admission without funding

Visit the Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages Program for Full Details

Theater - M.F.A.

• M.F.A. in Theater
• Ph.D. - Visit Communication Studies for information

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required : None Deadlines : N/A

Visit the Theater Program for Full Details

Workforce Education and Development - M.S.Ed., Ph.D.

On Campus - No Online - Yes Application Fee - $65 Tests Required : GRE required for Ph.D. Deadlines : M.S.Ed. - Applications accepted for Fall, Spring and Summer Ph.D. - Applications accepted for Fall Contact Program for details

Visit the Workforce Education and Development Program for Full Details

Zoology - M.S., P.S.M., Ph.D.

• P.S.M. in Zoology
• M.S. in Zoology
• Ph.D. in Zoology

On Campus - Yes Online - No Application Fee - $65 Tests Required : GRE optional Deadlines : N/A

Visit the Zoology Program for Full Details

Discover how our specialized certificates will equip you with the skills and knowledge to stand out in your desired field. Unleash your potential and make a meaningful impact in today's competitive professional landscape.

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3 Perbedaan Gelar PhD dan Doktor bagi Lulusan S3

Kompas.com edu.

Sandra Desi Caesaria,

Ayunda pininta kasih.

Tim Redaksi

Sandra Desi Caesaria

Penulis ayunda pininta kasih.

1. Penggunaan gelar

Gelar doktoral atau doctorate degree sebetulnya sama saja dengan PhD atau Doctor of Philosophy.

Hanya saja, PhD seringkali digunakan bagi lulusan kampus luar negeri. Sementara Doktor , digunakan banyak kampus dalam negeri.

Gelar PhD sendiri memiliki kata Philosophy atau berarti filsafat. Meskipun memiliki kata philosophy yang bermakna filsafat, bukan berarti gelar PhD hanya didapatkan oleh lulusan ilmu filsafat saja.

Kata filsafat disematkan untuk gelar penghargaan tertinggi dalam ilmu pengetahuan atau dalam dunia akademik.

Beberapa kampus, menggunakan gelar PhD memang dikhususkan bagi keilmuan filsafat, seni, seni murni, dan teknik serta rumpun studi sosial humaniora.

Baca juga: Beasiswa Australia Awards untuk Bidang Film dan Tulis Naskah Dibuka

Namun banyak juga kampus dengan jurusan beragam menggunakan gelar PhD untuk jenjang S3.

Selain itu gelar PhD diterapkan banyak sistem pendidikan Amerika Serikat dan Inggris Raya.

Negara di luar Amerika mayoritas menggunakan sistem Doktoral seperti di Indonesia. Misalnya gelar Doctor of Economy, Doctor of Science, dan lain-lain.

Persyaratan utama dalam memperoleh gelar PhD biasanya sudah menyelesaikan perkuliahan program S3.

2. Jangka waktu kuliah

Perbedaan gelar PhD dan doktor lainnya ialah masa kuliah. Banyak kampus di luar negeri memiliki program perkuliahan program PhD paling sedikit dua tahun dan paling lama tujuh tahun.

Lama tidaknya waktu kuliah ini tergantung dari area studi, penelitian, dan topik yang diangkat mahasiswa.

Sementara di Indonesia, rata-rata mahasiswa…

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Jamie Lee Curtis receives honorary doctorate from AFI: 'Stay open, stay free, stay engaged'

Curtis offered words of encouragement at the TCL Chinese Theatre ceremony.

Oscar-winner Jamie Lee Curtis received an honorary doctorate of fine arts from the American Film Institute on Saturday for her wide-ranging career in film, including roles in movies such as "Freaky Friday," "Halloween" and "Everything Everywhere All At Once."

In a video shared to the American Film Institute's Instagram, Curtis spoke on accepting the award and offered inspiring words to the graduates of the institute.

Jamie Lee Curtis marks 25 years of being 'clean and sober'

"This is Jamie Lee Curtis, or should I say Doctor Jamie Lee Curtis," she quipped. "Reach deep inside you for all of the creativity that exists, for all of the creativity that is yet to come, and make sure that you bring it all out to the world," she continued.

"That's the privilege of this kind of an education," she said. "I'm looking forward to seeing what you are going to produce for all of us."

Curtis also posted a photo on Instagram with her degree, captioning the photo with a message of gratitude.

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"Never thought in my life that I would get a degree from an institution of higher learning like @americanfilminstitute and to have the maestro @johncarpenterofficial award it," she wrote, mentioning John Carpenter "Halloween" director and composer who presented her award. "Their students are our future in the arts and we are all so lucky that they attended such an important institution with its incredible leadership and faculty. I thank them all for their warm welcome and gracious reception!"

According to a release form the American Film Institute, Curtis also offered words of encouragement for her fellow graduates while at the podium of the TCL Chinese Theatre.

"Life hinges on a couple seconds you never see coming," said Curtis. "Stay open, stay free, stay engaged, stay absolutely enthusiastic, don't get lazy, fight for it, work for it, save the universe please, god bless you all, thank you," she concluded.

While receiving her honorary degree from the institute, Curtis joined a host of celebrated names in the entertainment world including Maya Angelou, Angela Bassett, Mel Brooks, Quentin Tarantino and Spike Lee.

In June, the American Film Institute recognized Nicole Kidman with their Life Achievement Award.

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Students may elect to opt-out and once the opt-out is elected students will not be charged the fee unless they change their election for a later term. --> --> [email protected] tel: (949) 824-6124 fax: (949) 824-7896 215 Aldrich Hall Irvine, CA 92697-4975 hours: Monday–Friday, 9:00 a.m.–5:00 p.m. Privacy Notice | © UC Regents 139 IMAGES ايه الفرق بين سياره Md و Hd Ad Know The Differences Between Professional Doctorate And Phd Doctorate or PhD? What’s the Difference? What is PhD : Meaning, How to Do, Benefits, Full Details PhD Full Form: Doctor of Philosophy PhD meaning and its tale phd-degree COMMENTS PhD vs Doctorate: What's the Difference? Doctorate, or doctoral, is an umbrella term for many degrees — PhD among them — at the height of the academic ladder. Doctorate degrees fall under two categories, and here is where the confusion often lies. The first category, Research (also referred to as Academic) includes, among others: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)**. What Is a Doctorate or a Doctoral Degree? A doctoral degree is a graduate-level credential typically granted after multiple years of graduate school, with the time-to-degree varying depending on the type of doctoral program, experts say ... PhD vs Doctorate: What's the Difference? While a Ph.D. and a doctorate award "Doctor" titles, a Ph.D. tends to be an academic degree while a doctorate is usually a professional degree. Ph.D.s often focus on extensive research and may lead to job titles such as research scientist, historian, philosopher, professor or engineer. Because a doctorate typically provides students with ... Doctorate vs. PhD: Understanding the Key Differences [2024] Doctorate degrees are designed for current or aspiring working professionals who want to become industry leaders. These programs also enable students to increase their knowledge and credibility. PhD programs attract students who want to expand their knowledge of research methodologies and theories. These learners also frequently pursue academic ... Ph.D. vs. Doctorate: What are the Differences? A doctorate degree is a graduate-level credential that is usually earned after multiple years of graduate school. Earning a doctoral degree requires a significant level of research and work. In order to get this degree, one has to research a subject thoroughly, conduct new research and analysis, and provide a solution or interpretation into the ... Doctor of Philosophy A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD or DPhil; Latin: philosophiae doctor or doctor philosophiae) is a terminal degree that usually denotes the highest level of academic achievement in a given discipline and is awarded following a course of graduate study and original research.The name of the degree is most often abbreviated PhD (or, at times, as Ph.D. in North America), pronounced as three separate ... Ph.D.s vs. Doctorates In the hierarchy of U.S. college degrees, the highest level of education is known as a terminal degree, more commonly called a doctorate or doctoral degree. Very few people — 4.5 million out of the 258.3 million adults in the U.S., or less than 2% of the adult population — have earned the highest degree available. What Is a PhD? Learn more about whether earning a PhD could benefit your career. A Doctor of Philosophy, often known as a PhD, is a terminal degree —or the highest possible academic degree you can earn in a subject. While PhD programs (or doctorate programs) are often structured to take between four and five years, some graduate students may take longer as ... Explained: What Is a PhD Degree? PhD stands for Doctor of Philosophy. This is one of the highest level academic degrees that can be awarded. PhD is an abbreviation of the Latin term (Ph)ilosophiae (D)octor. Traditionally the term 'philosophy' does not refer to the subject but its original Greek meaning which roughly translates to 'lover of wisdom'. What is a PhD? Definition of a PhD - A Doctor of Philosophy (commonly abbreviated to PhD, Ph.D or a DPhil) is a university research degree awarded from across a broad range of academic disciplines; in most countries, it is a terminal degree, i.e. the highest academic degree possible. PhDs differ from undergraduate and master's degrees in that PhDs are ... PhD vs. Doctorate: Everything You Need to Know Both a PhD and doctorate are the highest level graduate degrees one can earn. PhDs focus on theoretical research while doctorates put theory into practice. On average, PhDs require a more time to complete vs doctorate. Salaries for PhD or doctorate degree earners vary depending on the career entered. Start your scholarship search. What is a PhD? PhD is short for Doctor of Philosophy. This is an academic or professional degree that, in most countries, qualifies the degree holder to teach their chosen subject at university level or to work in a specialized position in their chosen field. The word 'philosophy' comes from the Ancient Greek philosophia, literally translated as 'love ... What's the Difference Between a PhD and a Professional Doctoral Degree A PhD is a Doctor of Philosophy. In answer to the question, "Is a PhD a doctor," the answer is yes. Both a PhD and a professional doctorate like an EdD earn you the title of "doctor.". But there are differences between the types of doctoral degrees. Learn more about a PhD vs. a professional doctorate below. What's the Difference Between a Doctorate and a PhD Professional doctorates and PhDs differ in focus, duration, and potential career earnings. Both are doctoral degrees, but a PhD is specifically academic and focused on original research. Professional doctorates (like an Ed.D, M.D., DBA) are applied and tailored to specific professions. In most cases, you'll need to complete a bachelor's and ... Doctorate Doctorate. A doctorate (from Latin doctor, meaning "teacher") or doctoral degree is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism licentia docendi ("licence to teach"). In most countries, a research degree qualifies the holder to teach at university level in ... PhD Types Many people believe that the DPhil and PhD are different degrees. This is not true. 'DPhil' is an abbreviation of 'Doctor of Philosophy'. Essentially, 'DPhil' and 'PhD' are two different ways of referring to the same doctoral degree. 'DPhil' is traditionally a British term and so only a few universities (most notably, the ... What Is a Doctorate? Academic doctorate. An academic doctorate, often called a PhD (short for Doctor of Philosophy), is a research degree that typically requires completing a dissertation. Students enrolled in a PhD program may be interested in working in academia as a professor or conducting research in their field. However, a growing number of PhD students go on ... The difference between a PhD and professional doctorate The primary difference between PhD and professional doctorate programs is the type of research conducted in the independent research phase. PhD students are expected to create, expand, and contribute to knowledge, research, and theory in their field of study. This kind of discovery is often called original research. What Does 'PhD' Stand For? A PhD is a terminal academic degree students typically pursue when they're interested in an academic or research career. A PhD is the highest possible academic degree a student can obtain. PhD stands for "Doctor of Philosophy," which refers to the immense knowledge a student gains when earning the degree. While you can actually get a PhD in ... Types of Doctorates Gain valuable insight from our collection of exclusive interviews with both current and past PhD students. Learn from their best advice, personal challenges and career path after completing their doctorate. View Overview. Learn about the different types of Doctorates available, including their eligibility, durations, fees and benefits. What is a PhD Degree? [2024 Guide] People with PhDs are considered experts in their fields, and the degree includes "Doctor" in its name. For that reason, PhD holders often use the title "Doctor.". A college professor, for example, might go by Dr. Smith. Even still, there's a difference between MD vs. PhD. A person who holds a PhD is not a medical doctor. PhD Programs Students in our PhD programs are encouraged from day one to think of this experience as their first job in business academia—a training ground for a challenging and rewarding career generating rigorous, relevant research that influences practice. Our doctoral students work with faculty and access resources throughout HBS and Harvard University. Master's vs PhD The two most common types of graduate degrees are master's and doctoral degrees: A master's is a 1-2 year degree that can prepare you for a multitude of careers. A PhD, or doctoral degree, takes 3-7 years to complete (depending on the country) and prepares you for a career in academic research. A master's is also the necessary first ... Olympic Breakdancer Raygun Has PhD in Breakdancing? Raygun, a 36-year-old full-time lecturer at Sydney's Macquarie University, completed a PhD in breaking culture and is a lecturer in media, creative arts, literature and language," another X user ... Applying for a PhD in the USA To apply for a PhD at an American university, you'll need to submit a list of documents which include: academic transcripts; personal statement; letters of recommendation; CV; research statements - A research statement is different from a research proposal (required if you're applying for a PhD in most other countries). You'll only need ... Saint Peter's University We know you have big ambitions—and a lot of responsibilities. That description defines so many Peacocks taking graduate programs at Saint Peter's University in the College of Arts and Sciences, the Caufield School of Education, the Guarini School of Business and the School of Nursing.Our courses are designed for where you are now and what you want next. SIU Graduate Degree Programs Degrees Offered: OTD in Occupational Therapy; Accreditation Status: The entry-level Occupational Therapy Doctorate (OTD) program, offered through the School of Health Sciences within the College of Health and Human Sciences, has been granted candidacy status for accreditation by the Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE) of the American Occupational Therapy ... 3 Perbedaan Gelar PhD dan Doktor bagi Lulusan S3 Gelar doktoral atau doctorate degree sebetulnya sama saja dengan PhD atau Doctor of Philosophy. Hanya saja, PhD seringkali digunakan bagi lulusan kampus luar negeri. Sementara Doktor, digunakan banyak kampus dalam negeri. Gelar PhD sendiri memiliki kata Philosophy atau berarti filsafat. Meskipun memiliki kata philosophy yang bermakna filsafat ... Jamie Lee Curtis receives honorary doctorate from AFI: 'Stay open, stay Oscar-winner Jamie Lee Curtis received an honorary doctorate of fine arts from the American Film Institute on Saturday for her wide-ranging career in film, including roles in movies such as ... UCI University † The Document Fee only applies to new students and is not calculated in total amounts. ‡ Incoming graduate students enrolled in the Summer Prime LC program starting on 6/17/24 will pay a prorated GSHIP premium of $1,481.78 for coverage from 6/17/24 through 9/22/24 in addition to the fall premium of $2,280.80. assignment essay homework paper phd resume review speech thesis