Quantitative and Qualitative Research: An Overview of Approaches

  • First Online: 03 January 2022

Cite this chapter

quantitative research chapter 2 example pdf

  • Euclid Seeram 5 , 6 , 7  

648 Accesses

In Chap. 1 , the nature and scope of research were outlined and included an overview of quantitative and qualitative research and a brief description of research designs. In this chapter, both quantitative and qualitative research will be described in a little more detail with respect to essential features and characteristics. Furthermore, the research designs used in each of these approaches will be reviewed. Finally, this chapter will conclude with examples of published quantitative and qualitative research in medical imaging and radiation therapy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save.

  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
  • Durable hardcover edition

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

quantitative research chapter 2 example pdf

Types of Information

quantitative research chapter 2 example pdf

Medical Imaging Informatics

quantitative research chapter 2 example pdf

Statistics and Research & Diagnostic Imaging

Anvari, A., Halpern, E. F., & Samir, A. E. (2015). Statistics 101 for radiologists. Radiographics, 35 , 1789–1801.

Article   Google Scholar  

Battistelli, A., Portoghese, I., Galletta, M., & Pohl, S. (2013). Beyond the tradition: Test of an integrative conceptual model on nurse turnover. International Nursing Review, 60 (1), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-7657.2012.01024.x

Article   CAS   PubMed   Google Scholar  

Bhattacherjee, A. (2012). Social science research: Principles, methods, and practices . In Textbooks Collection , 3. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/oa_textbooks/3 . University of South Florida.

Chenail, R. (2011). Ten steps for conceptualizing and conducting qualitative research studies in a pragmatically curious manner. The Qualitative Report, 16 (6), 1713–1730. http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR16-6/chenail.pdf

Google Scholar  

Coyle, M. K. (2012). Depressive symptoms after a myocardial infarction and self-care. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 26 (2), 127–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2011.06.004

Article   PubMed   Google Scholar  

Creswell, J. W., & Guetterman, T. C. (2019). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (6th ed.). Pearson Education.

Curtis, E. A., Comiskey, C., & Dempsey, O. (2016). Importance and use of correlational research. Nurse Researcher, 23 (6), 20–25. https://doi.org/10.7748/nr.2016.e1382

Gibson, D. J., & Davidson, R. A. (2012). Exposure creep in computed radiography: A longitudinal study. Academic Radiology, 19 (4), 458–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2011.12.003 . Epub 2012 Jan 5.

Gray, J. R., Grove, S. K., & Sutherland, S. (2017). The practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence . Elsevier.

Miles, M., Hubermann, A., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: a methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). Sage.

Munhall, P. L. (2012). Nursing research: A qualitative perspective (5th ed.). Jones and Bartlett.

Munn, Z., & Jordan, Z. (2011). The patient experience of high technology medical imaging: A systematic review of the qualitative evidence. JBI Library of Systematic Reviews, 9 (19), 631–678. https://doi.org/10.11124/01938924-201109190-00001

Munn, Z., Pearson, A., Jordan, Z., Murphy, F., & Pilkington, D. (2013). Action research in radiography: What it is and how it can be conducted. Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences, 60 (2), 47–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmrs.8

Article   PubMed   PubMed Central   Google Scholar  

O’Regan, T., Robinson, L., Newton-Hughes, A., & Strudwick, R. (2019). A review of visual ethnography: Radiography viewed through a different lens. Radiography, 25 (Supplement 1), S9–S13.

Price, P., Jhangiani, R., & Chiang, I. (2015). Research methods of psychology (2nd Canadian ed.). BC Campus. Retrieved from https://opentextbc.ca/researchmethods/

Seeram, E., Davidson, R., Bushong, S., & Swan, H. (2015). Education and training required for the digital radiography environment: A non-interventional quantitative survey study of radiologic technologists. International Journal of Radiology & Medical Imaging, 2 , 103. https://doi.org/10.15344/ijrmi/2015/103

Seeram, E., Davidson, R., Bushong, S., & Swan, H. (2016). Optimizing the exposure indicator as a dose management strategy in computed radiography. Radiologic Technology, 87 (4), 380–391.

PubMed   Google Scholar  

Solomon, P., & Draine, J. (2010). An overview of quantitative methods. In B. Thyer (Ed.), The handbook of social work research methods (2nd ed., pp. 26–36). Sage.

Chapter   Google Scholar  

Suchsland, M. Z., Cruz, M. J., Hardy, V., Jarvik, J., McMillan, G., Brittain, A., & Thompson, M. (2020). Qualitative study to explore radiologist and radiologic technologist perceptions of outcomes patients experience during imaging in the USA. BMJ Open, 10 , e033961. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033961

Thomas, L. (2020). An introduction to quasi-experimental designs. Retrieved from Scribbr.com https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/quasi-experimental-design/ . Accessed 8 Jan 2021.

University of Lethbridge (Alberta, Canada). (2020). An introduction to action research. https://www.uleth.ca/education/research/research-centers/action-research/introduction . Accessed 12 Jan 2020.

Download references

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

Euclid Seeram

Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia

Medical Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and affiliations.

Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Burnaby, BC, Canada

Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia

Robert Davidson

Brookfield Health Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

Andrew England

Mark F. McEntee

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Seeram, E. (2021). Quantitative and Qualitative Research: An Overview of Approaches. In: Seeram, E., Davidson, R., England, A., McEntee, M.F. (eds) Research for Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79956-4_2

Download citation

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79956-4_2

Published : 03 January 2022

Publisher Name : Springer, Cham

Print ISBN : 978-3-030-79955-7

Online ISBN : 978-3-030-79956-4

eBook Packages : Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedical and Life Sciences (R0)

Share this chapter

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

  • Publish with us

Policies and ethics

  • Find a journal
  • Track your research

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

  • We're Hiring!
  • Help Center

paper cover thumbnail

CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Profile image of Jamie Francis Ray Rn

Related Papers

Randel D Estacio

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the acceptability of the proposed instructional material, the learning assessment tool in Physics 1 (Mechanics), and to investigate its effect in teaching the subject. The design of this study is a combination of descriptive and experimental designs. A total of thirty three (33) experts and instructors in Physics from selected local colleges and universities in Metro Manila evaluated the proposed instructional material and learning assessment tool. In order to determine the effect of the proposed instructional material and learning assessment tool in Physics 1 (Mechanics) a one group pretest-posttest was employed and a total of 50 freshmen Industrial Engineering students of the Quezon City Polytechnic University (QCPU) served as the experimental group. Lessons in Physics 1 (Mechanics) were presented according to the outcomes based learning approach and the proposed instructional material and learning assessment tool were utilized. An instructional material and learning assessment tool were developed based from the results of validity, reliability, and item analysis of the achievement test in Physics 1 (Mechanics). The acceptability of the proposed instructional material and assessment of learning tool as assessed by the experts and faculty in Physics respondents revealed the following findings: As to Objective. It revealed that the objectives found in the proposed instructional material and learning assessment tool in Physics were highly acceptable as a result by its mean of 4.16. As to Content. The content of the proposed instructional material and learning assessment tool in Physics was highly acceptable having a mean of 4.42 as assessed by the experts and faculty in Physics. As to Usefulness. The study revealed that the usefulness of the proposed instructional material and learning assessment tool in Physics subject was highly acceptable with a mean of 4.45 as assessed by the experts and faculty in the field. As for Clarity. Both expert and faculty agreed that when it comes to clarity, the proposed instructional material and learning assessment tool in Physics were highly acceptable with a mean of 4.43. As to Presentation. The mean response of the expert and faculty in Physics was 4.44 and indicates that the presentation of the lessons in the proposed instructional material and assessment of learning tool was highly acceptable. As to Evaluation. The study found out that the evaluation of the proposed instructional material in a form of concept cartoon was highly accepted by the experts and faculty in Physics as supported by a mean of 4.49. As to Language and Style. Experts and faculty members in the field of Physics assessed the language and style of the proposed instructional-material and assessment of learning tool as very highly acceptable having a mean of 4.46. The study revealed that there is a statistically significant difference in the performance in the post-test of students who were taught with the use of the proposed instructional material and assessment of learning tool as compared to those who did not, p(98)=8.9174, p<.05. When the result of pre-test and post-test of each group was compared, statistically significant difference was found, p(49)=12.9769, p<.05 (control group) and p(49)=22.9071, p<.05 (experimental group). This implies that the proposed instructional material and assessment of learning tool in Physics 1 (Mechanics) greatly affect the performance of students in the class; the result also signifies that students were able to learn the lesson easily if it was presented by means of picture diagrams. The study claims and reaffirms that the findings of other researches that concept cartoon when used as formative assessment can improve the performance and achievement of students in difficult subjects like Physics.

quantitative research chapter 2 example pdf

José G. Vargas-hernández

Globalization has become a trigger for international trade due to its role as an integrator of the world economy and social standardization in a technological, cultural and universal knowledge that allows free access to resources with minimal effort context. The study aimed to analyze the Port of Manzanillo from the perspective of theories based on the Industry, the Dynamic Resources and Institutions, all around the Mexican Port System. The study utilized qualitative research method and is based on a literature review of the current status of the port and its global environment.

Prof. Negar Elhamian , Helen Bihag , Dondon Salingay

International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT)

IJERT Journal

https://www.ijert.org/difference-of-pretest-and-post-test-in-philippine-history-of-cas-freshmen-students https://www.ijert.org/research/difference-of-pretest-and-post-test-in-philippine-history-of-cas-freshmen-students-IJERTV5IS040470.pdf This research centers on the difference of pretest and post test in Philippine history of CAS freshmen students. Specifically, it determines the appropriate instructional materials suited to the student's level to maximize learning have to be provided. The study utilized the descriptive method of research. Pretest and Post test were made and it was found out that film viewing in teaching History of the respondents were assessed effective and that the overall mean scores of the students in the pretest and posttest had increased. Results of the study show that the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference between the mean scores of the respondent was rejected.

International Journal of Emergency Medicine

Shaik Farid Abdull Wahab , Tuan Hairulnizam Tuan Kamauzaman , Ida Zaini

nomie valencia

Science Insights

Insights Publisher , E. Agatep

The study assessed the level of internet addiction exists among students of AMA Computer Colleges in Region III, Philippines and identified internet addiction management practices as strategies to address the problem, to lessen if not to eliminate, to prevent or cure level of internet addiction that exists. The descriptive analysis method of research was utilized. A total of one thousand five hundred fifteen student-respondents and one hundred fifty-eight administrator-respondents participated in the study. The researcher found out that there is a severe addiction level described as Often. There is a severe dependence on the internet as reflected in the internet addiction mean test scores of the student-respondents. There is a significant relationship between the level of internet addiction and the perceived level of implementation of the internet addiction management practices. There is a significant relationship between the internet addiction test scores and the perceived level of implementation of the internet addiction management practices. Overall findings conclude that there was a significant very strong negative relationship between the level of internet addiction and in-ternet addiction test scores of student-respondents and the perceived level of implementation of internet addiction management practices of administrator-respondents; hence, the negative relationship indicates that as the intensity of the perceived level of implementation increases, the level of internet addiction and internet addiction test scores among student-respondents decreases. This study is expected to provide a worthy contribution to the institution and to international literature on internet addiction; the result can be used in providing solution, actions and remedies to lessen if not to eliminate addiction in Internet usage.■

Maricel Mendoza Fider

finding answers to my querry about how the learners of today in the secondary best describe

ResearchGate.net

DR. DAVID C . BUENO

The course aims to give an understanding of some topical and contemporary issues in educational administration and how such issues have influenced the educational system. You are required to do and submit literature reviews or syntheses (IMRaD format) on the various current issues, trends or problems affecting the educational system in the Philippines.

Jong Azores

This study is aimed at assessing the data gathered from the survey of 102 musicians about their status and condition in working at the bars and restaurants in the city of Olongapo and the Subic Bay Freeport Zone and at identifying their collective aspirations. Based on its findings, the challenge to develop the adjacent localities of Olongapo City and Subic Bay Freeport Zone as a music tourism destination was identified.

Loading Preview

Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.

RELATED PAPERS

Institutional Multidsciplinary Research and Development (IMRaD)

DR. DAVID C . BUENO , Edward San Agustin

Arnolfo M Monleon

Polytechnic University of the Philippines Open University

Francisco B Bautista

Jo Dominado

Xenery Madera

Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences

Research and Statistics Center

Laela Montezor

Research Paper

Zoe Vera Acain

IP innovative publication pvt. ltd

IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd.

Historically Digitized

ronaldo pasion

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology

Zakirul Islam

US-China Education Review A & B

Maine Morales

Lanie Torres

Susan Houge Mackenzie

Ramon Alvarado

caroline tobing , Jimmy Kijai , Francis H , Stenly Pungus , Damrong Satayavaksakul , Evy Indrawati Siregar , yane sinaga , Ika Suhartanti Darmo , Fanny Soewignyo , Mariju Pimentel

Andy N Cubalit , Naely Muchtar , Jittrapat Piankrad , Dararat Khampusaen

YOLI LLORICO

Rainulfo Pagaran

Asian EFL Journal

Romualdo Mabuan

simarjeet kaur

Ritchie Bilasa

Nikolaos Digelidis , Ioannis Syrmpas , Achillios A. Koutelidas

José G. Vargas-hernandez

Nikolaos Digelidis , Ioannis Syrmpas

San Beda College Alabang

Savipra Gorospe, C.Ht., RPm , Renzen Martinez , Chennie Regala

Gilbert Bagsic

Journal of Institutional Research South East Asia

Siti H Stapa , Nor Hasni Mokhtar , Zarina Othman , Azizah Yaacob , Sharifah Zurina

International Journal of Social & Scientific Research

John Mark R . Asio , Ediric D . Gadia

Maribel Malana

Nikolaos Digelidis , D. Pasco

Jeniesel Lopian

International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies

Edward Jimenez , John Mark R . Asio

Joanah Marie Mercado

Rommel Tabula

  •   We're Hiring!
  •   Help Center
  • Find new research papers in:
  • Health Sciences
  • Earth Sciences
  • Cognitive Science
  • Mathematics
  • Computer Science
  • Academia ©2024

quantitative research chapter 2 example pdf

Research Methodology Example

Detailed Walkthrough + Free Methodology Chapter Template

If you’re working on a dissertation or thesis and are looking for an example of a research methodology chapter , you’ve come to the right place.

In this video, we walk you through a research methodology from a dissertation that earned full distinction , step by step. We start off by discussing the core components of a research methodology by unpacking our free methodology chapter template . We then progress to the sample research methodology to show how these concepts are applied in an actual dissertation, thesis or research project.

If you’re currently working on your research methodology chapter, you may also find the following resources useful:

  • Research methodology 101 : an introductory video discussing what a methodology is and the role it plays within a dissertation
  • Research design 101 : an overview of the most common research designs for both qualitative and quantitative studies
  • Variables 101 : an introductory video covering the different types of variables that exist within research.
  • Sampling 101 : an overview of the main sampling methods
  • Methodology tips : a video discussion covering various tips to help you write a high-quality methodology chapter
  • Private coaching : Get hands-on help with your research methodology

Free Webinar: Research Methodology 101

PS – If you’re working on a dissertation, be sure to also check out our collection of dissertation and thesis examples here .

FAQ: Research Methodology Example

Research methodology example: frequently asked questions, is the sample research methodology real.

Yes. The chapter example is an extract from a Master’s-level dissertation for an MBA program. A few minor edits have been made to protect the privacy of the sponsoring organisation, but these have no material impact on the research methodology.

Can I replicate this methodology for my dissertation?

As we discuss in the video, every research methodology will be different, depending on the research aims, objectives and research questions. Therefore, you’ll need to tailor your literature review to suit your specific context.

You can learn more about the basics of writing a research methodology chapter here .

Where can I find more examples of research methodologies?

The best place to find more examples of methodology chapters would be within dissertation/thesis databases. These databases include dissertations, theses and research projects that have successfully passed the assessment criteria for the respective university, meaning that you have at least some sort of quality assurance.

The Open Access Thesis Database (OATD) is a good starting point.

How do I get the research methodology chapter template?

You can access our free methodology chapter template here .

Is the methodology template really free?

Yes. There is no cost for the template and you are free to use it as you wish.

Caroline

Great insights you are sharing here…

Submit a Comment Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

  • Print Friendly

COMMENTS

  1. (PDF) CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

    (PDF) CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

  2. PDF CHAPTER 2 Foundational Concepts for Quantitative Research

    ading this chapter, you will be able to do th. following:Define basic terms. or quantitative research.Describe the research. rcle.Identify the four major. als of social research.Write a checklist of the W's.Understan. the reasons for both reporting and interpreting numbers.State the importan. specifying the direction and magnitude of a ...

  3. Chapter 2

    Chapter 2- Example - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. This chapter describes the research methodology used in the study. A quantitative research design using a correlational technique was employed. The respondents were 296 Grade 10 students from 3 public secondary schools in Nabunturan, Compostela Valley.

  4. PDF Chapter 2 Review of the Literature

    In a mixed methods study, the researcher uses either a qualitative or a quantitative approach to the literature, depending on the type of strategy being used. In a sequential approach, the literature is presented in each phase in a way consistent with the method being used. For example, if the study begins with a quantitative phase, then the ...

  5. PDF CHAPTER 2: Literature Review

    CHAPTER 2: Literature Review. This chapter will explore the literature that is relevant to understanding the development of, and interpreting the results of this convergent study. The first two parts of this review of the literature will describe two types of research: research on teaching and research on teachers' conceptions.

  6. PDF Chapter 2

    The higher the number (the negative sign is ignored),the stronger the relationship is. For example, if you have a correlation of −.5, then ignore the negative sign and you have .5, which shows the strength of the correlation. Therefore, a correlation of −.5 and a correlation of +.5 have the same strength.

  7. PDF Chapter 2: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research

    This chapter is our introduction to the three major research methodology paradigms. A paradigm is a perspective based on a set of assumptions, concepts, and values that are held and practiced by a community of researchers. For the most of the 20th century the quantitative paradigm was dominant. During the 1980s, the qualitative paradigm came of ...

  8. PDF 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction

    Chapter 2: Literature review - Hazel Hall

  9. A Quantitative Study of the Impact of Social Media Reviews on Brand

    A Quantitative Study of the Impact of Social Media Reviews ...

  10. PDF The Nature of Quantitative Research

    The Nature of Quantitative Research. This chapter considers the overall model of quantitative research, its main steps, its main principles and goals, and also its criticisms. It shows that quantitative research is only one possible approach to studying social world, with its own preoccupations, advantages and disadvantages.

  11. PDF Introduction to quantitative research

    Introduction to Quantitative Research

  12. PDF Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

    10. Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE. Introduction Presented in chapter 2 is a synthesis of research that supports the evaluation of the attendance policy and attendance program of Newport News Public Schools. Included in the chapter is a historical overview of attendance, the importance of attendance, overview of Newport News Public ...

  13. Chapter 2 Sample

    Chapter 2 Sample - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. The chapter outlines the methodology used in the study, including the descriptive research design, qualitative and quantitative approaches, random sampling technique, respondents, instrumentation in the form of structured questionnaires, administration and validation of ...

  14. PDF Introduction to quantitative research

    The specificity of quantitative research lies in the next part of the defini-tion. In quantitative research we collect numerical data. This is closely connected to the final part of the definition: analysis using mathematically Chapter 1 Introduction to quantitative research 1 9079 Chapter 01 (1-12) 1/4/04 1:18 PM Page 1

  15. PDF Quantitative Research Designs: Experimental, Quasi-Experimental, and

    can also be used to look at associations or relationship between variables. Quantitative research studies can be placed into one of five categories, although some categories do vary 156 Chapter 6: Quantitative Research Designs: Experimental, Quasi-Experimental, and Descriptive 9781284126464_CH06_PASS02.indd 156 12/01/17 2:53 pm

  16. (PDF) Example of a Quantitative Research Paper for Students

    Read More Three Examples of Quantitative Research Methods for Academic Writi ng January 1, 2019 Rene Tetzner Advice & Discussions on Preparing & Submitting Journal Articles for Publication Three Examples of Quantitative Research Methods for Academic Writing All quantitative research aims to collect and analyse meaningful numerical data, but ...

  17. PDF Chapter 2 Quantitative and Qualitative Research: An Overview ...

    Chapter 2. tive and Qualitative Research: An Overview of ApproachesEuclid SeeramIn Chap. 1, the nature and scope of research were outlined and included an overview of quantit. tive and qualitative research and a brief description of research designs. In this chapter, both quantitative and qualitative research will be described in a.

  18. Chapter 2- Quantitative research study about readiness of students

    CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES. This chapter includes the ideas, finished thesis, generalizations or conclusions, methodologies, and the other data that are related to the present study. The materials are included in this chapter help in familiarizing information that is relevant and similar to the present study.

  19. PDF Module 1: Using Quantitative Data in Research: Concepts and Definitions

    There is an online quiz at the end of the module for you to test your understanding. To find the quiz: EXAMPLE. From within the LEMMA learning environment Go down to the Lesson for Module 1: Using Quantitative Data in Research. Click"1.4Datahierarchies" to open Lesson 1.4 Click to open the first question. Introduction.

  20. Chapter 2

    Chapter 2- Quantitative Research - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. This document summarizes previous studies related to bioplastics from various sources such as fish waste, starches, and plant materials. It notes that existing studies focus on bioplastics from either fish waste or starches individually, but not a combination.

  21. (DOC) CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

    Chapter 2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The methodology describes and explains about the different procedures including research design, respondents of the study, research instrument, validity and reliability of the instrument, data gathering procedure, as well as the statistical treatment and analysis. Research Method The descriptive method was used in ...

  22. (PDF) Introduction to Quantitative Research Methods

    (PDF) Introduction to Quantitative Research Methods

  23. 10: Quantitative Two-Sample Tests

    Introduction to the two-sample or independent sample t-test, and the applications of comparing multiple sample means from the same population rather than a single mean against a population parameter or specified value. 10.2: Digging deeper into t-test plus the Welch test

  24. Research Methodology Example (PDF + Template)

    Research Methodology Example (PDF + Template)