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Top 75 Emerging Research Topics in Electrical Engineering

Discover the cutting-edge frontiers of electrical engineering with our comprehensive list of the Top 75 Emerging Research Topics

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In the ever-evolving realm of Electrical Engineering, innovative research continually drives the field’s progression, shaping our future technologies and solutions. As we step into an era dominated by AI, IoT, renewable energy, and more, the scope for innovative research widens. In this article, iLovePhD listed the top 75 emerging research topics in the field of Electrical Engineering.

1. Power Systems and Renewable Energy

1.1 smart grids and micro-grids.

a. Distributed control strategies for micro-grid management.

b. Blockchain applications for secure energy transactions in smart grids.

c. Resilience and robustness enhancement in smart grid systems against cyber threats.

d. Integration of renewable energy sources in micro-grids.

e. AI-based predictive maintenance for smart grid components.

1.2 Energy Harvesting and Storage

a. Next-gen battery technologies for energy storage systems.

b. Wireless power transfer and energy harvesting for IoT devices.

c. Super-capacitors and their applications in renewable energy storage.

d. Materials research for efficient energy conversion and storage.

e. Energy-efficient architectures for IoT devices powered by energy harvesting.

1.3 Electric Vehicles and Transportation

a. Charging infrastructure optimization for electric vehicles.

b. Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology and bidirectional power flow.

c. Lightweight materials and design for electric vehicle batteries.

d. Autonomous electric vehicle technology and its integration into smart cities.

e. Energy-efficient route planning algorithms for electric vehicles.

2. Communications and Networking

2.1 5g and beyond.

a. AI-driven optimization for 5G network deployment.

b. mmWave communication technologies and their implications.

c. Quantum communication for secure and high-speed data transfer.

d. 6G technology and its potential applications.

e. Edge computing and its role in 5G networks.

2.2 IoT and Wireless Sensor Networks

a. Energy-efficient protocols for IoT devices.

b. AI-enabled edge computing for IoT applications.

c. Security and privacy in IoT data transmission.

d. Integration of AI with IoT for intelligent decision-making.

e. Communication challenges in massive IoT deployment.

2.3 Satellite and Space Communications

a. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations for global connectivity.

b. Inter-satellite communication for improved space exploration.

c. Secure communication protocols for space-based systems.

d. Quantum communication for secure space-based networks.

e. Space debris mitigation and communication systems.

3. Control Systems and Robotics

3.1 autonomous systems.

a. AI-driven control for autonomous vehicles and drones.

b. Swarm robotics and their applications in various industries.

c. Human-robot collaboration in industrial settings.

d. Autonomous navigation systems for underwater vehicles.

e. Control strategies for multi-agent systems.

3.2 Biomedical and Healthcare Robotics

a. Robotics in surgical procedures and rehabilitation.

b. Wearable robotics for physical assistance and rehabilitation.

c. Robotic prosthetics and exoskeletons for enhanced mobility.

d. Telemedicine and remote healthcare using robotic systems.

e. Ethics and regulations in medical robotics.

3.3 Machine Learning and Control

a. Reinforcement learning for control system optimization.

b. Neural network-based adaptive control systems.

c. Explainable AI in control systems for better decision-making.

d. Control strategies for complex systems using deep learning.

e. Control system resilience against adversarial attacks.

4. Electronics and Nanotechnology

4.1 nano-electronics and quantum computing.

a. Quantum-resistant cryptography for future computing systems.

b. Development of reliable qubits for quantum computers.

c. Quantum error correction and fault-tolerant quantum computing.

d. Nano-scale transistors and their applications.

e. Hybrid quantum-classical computing architectures.

4.2 Flexible and Wearable Electronics

a. Stretchable electronics for wearable applications.

b. Smart textiles and their integration with electronic components.

c. Biocompatible electronics for healthcare monitoring.

d. Energy harvesting in wearable devices.

e. Novel materials for flexible electronic devices.

4.3 Neuromorphic Engineering and Brain-Computer Interfaces

a. Neuromorphic computing for AI and cognitive systems.

b. Brain-inspired computing architectures and algorithms.

c. Non-invasive brain-computer interfaces for diverse applications.

d. Ethics and privacy in brain-computer interface technology.

e. Neuroprosthetics and their integration with neural interfaces.

5. Signal Processing and Machine Learning

5.1 sparse signal processing.

a. Compressive sensing for efficient data acquisition.

b. Sparse signal reconstruction algorithms.

c. Sparse representations in machine learning.

d. Deep learning for sparse signal recovery.

e. Applications of sparse signal processing in various domains.

5.2 Explainable AI and Interpretability

a. Interpretable machine learning models for critical applications.

b. Explainable deep learning for decision-making.

c. Model-agnostic interpretability techniques.

d. Human-centric AI and its interpretability.

e. Visual and intuitive explanations in machine learning models.

5.3 Adversarial Machine Learning and Security

a. Robust deep learning models against adversarial attacks.

b. Adversarial machine learning in cybersecurity.

c. Detecting and mitigating adversarial attacks in AI systems.

d. Secure and private machine learning protocols.

e. Ethical considerations in adversarial machine learning.

As technology continues to redefine boundaries and explore new horizons, these research topics in Electrical Engineering stand at the forefront, ready to shape the future of our world. The amalgamation of these fields showcases the diversity and depth of possibilities waiting to be unlocked by the curious minds and diligent efforts of researchers and engineers in the years to come.

  • Advanced sensors
  • AI Applications
  • AI in robotics
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  • Brain-machine interfaces
  • Cognitive radio
  • Electric vehicles
  • Electrical engineering research
  • Electroceuticals
  • Electromagnetic compatibility
  • Electronic design automation
  • Electronics advancements
  • Emerging research topics
  • Energy efficiency
  • Energy forecasting
  • Energy storage
  • Grid stability
  • Health technology
  • HVAC systems
  • IoT devices
  • Microgrid technology
  • Molecular electronics
  • Nanoelectronics
  • Power systems
  • quantum computing
  • Quantum cryptography
  • Quantum internet
  • Remote Sensing
  • renewable energy
  • Smart buildings
  • Smart grids
  • Smart grids cybersecurity
  • Speech and audio processing
  • sustainable manufacturing
  • Terahertz electronics
  • VLSI design
  • Wearable technology
  • Wireless protocols

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iLovePhD is a research education website to know updated research-related information. It helps researchers to find top journals for publishing research articles and get an easy manual for research tools. The main aim of this website is to help Ph.D. scholars who are working in various domains to get more valuable ideas to carry out their research. Learn the current groundbreaking research activities around the world, love the process of getting a Ph.D.

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100+ Electrical Engineering Research Topics Examples

Electrical engineering comprises the comprehension of electricity and how it works. The main task of electrical engineers is to improve the distribution of energy to different electrical devices. Electrical engineers utilize their skills and knowledge to solve different technical issues. Electrical engineers’ tasks are working with the airline navigation system, GPS, systems for power generation, and transmissions like the wind farmhouses and similar projects. Working on different energies also comes in the domain of electrical engineers such as hydro-energy, turbine, fuel cell, gas, geothermal energy, solar energy, and wind energy. Electrical engineers use various passive components such as inductors, capacitors, and resistors, and so on while working on electrical devices and systems.

Students need to get different ideas for the research in electrical engineering on the latest ideas during the academic career of engineering. If you have been looking for an article that includes interesting  research paper topics for electrical engineering  students at a single site, you have come to the right place.

Electrical Engineering Research Topics Examples

Top Research Topics for Electrical Engineering Students

For your convenience, we have compiled here a list of the top 100 electrical engineering project ideas in 2021.

  • Distance Locator for an underground cable fault
  • An analysis of battery energy storage (BES) systems financial incentive policies
  • Photovoltaic conversion efficiency improvement using the sparse matrix converter
  • Multiphase power and DC power transmission
  • SVPWM inverter harmonic elimination
  • Electric cars Regenerative braking efficiency improvement
  • UPS systems issues in power quality
  • Techno-environmental feasibility assessment of a standalone photovoltaic system
  • Electric Scooter Simulation model
  • Load-leveling economical analysis using EV
  • Energy minimization algorithm for an electric car with many motors
  • Minimization of Switching loss in the grid-connected system
  • Economic analysis and a battery’s life analysis with the supercapacitor
  • Protection System for an induction motor
  • A high-efficiency PLC boiler control system
  • SMART cities and IoT
  • Electric scooter Performance analysis using different motors
  • Semantics, knowledge management, and data acquisition using IoT
  • Technologies of Network virtualization
  • IoT home networks
  • Electrical Appliance Control with Android
  • The cost-benefit analysis of energy projects on grid-scale: A case study
  • Detection of the arcing fault in the electrical systems
  • Induction motor map development for efficiency
  • A sensitivity analysis for the parameters vehicle design
  • Research on electrical loads in the public and residential buildings
  • Comparative Analysis and Calculation Methods of the Losses in the electrical energy in low-voltage devices
  • Hybrid charging stations powered with solar energy
  • IoT smart energy meter
  • Wind-power generation using a synchronous generator with permanent magnet
  • Off-grid rural areas applications using a switched reluctance machine
  • Analysis and design of a magnetless multiphase dc-field machine to generate wind power
  • Smart home electric energy management
  • A techno-economic viability assessment of a decoupled energy storage
  • A techno-economic optimization and modeling of storage-based PV power generation systems
  • A technical model for the lithium-ion storage for biogas and PV energy system
  • An analysis of transparent power grids
  • Battery life and efficiency of regenerative braking
  • Economic and life analysis of a battery with the supercapacitor
  • EV home charging using the load-leveling algorithm
  • In-Vivo Imaging of the cancer cells using the Fluorescent Microscopy
  • Use of Dynamic Instrumentation for analyzing WhatsApp security
  • Smart grid architecture design
  • Use of PID controller for IM torque control
  • Design of a hybrid power system
  • Use of FIXCOM for designing a 3-level inverter
  • Harvesting solar energy from a solar-powered satellite
  • Use of microcontroller for battery discharging and charging of hybrid energy system
  • Analysis and modeling of electrical gripper’s DC motor actuator
  • Use of a brushless DC motor for Zeta converter’s power quality improvement
  • Use of a three-phase Inverter based on Thyristor for simulation and control of a DC motor
  • Use of PI Controller for designing a PLC speed control DC motor
  • Use of PID controller for speed control of a DC motor: a comparative study
  • Front-End ASICs power management circuits
  • Off-Grid renewable energy’s remote monitoring system
  • Non- Renewable and Renewable Energy Resources comparative analysis
  • Development of Green Building for harvesting renewable energy
  • Low carbon achievement: a case study
  • Use of PSO for load dispatch in case of renewable uncertainties
  • The hot climate and Vertical axis wind turbine relationship and consequence
  • Use of fuzzy control for efficient electrical energy management
  • Degradation in the performance of PV panel performance and shading effect: a case study
  • Solar angles simulation to maximize solar thermal collectors efficiency
  • Use of Node MCU for active solar tracking
  • Different techniques for DC networks with low voltage
  • Waste Management Approach based on information
  • Grid-Connected Solar PV System with decoupled control
  • Electric vehicle life analysis
  • Use of ADVISOR for minimizing EV energy consumption
  • Field data examination of energy consumption for an electric scooter
  • Use of an electric car for peak load shaving
  • Effect of the temperature on PV energy conversion
  • Digital Signal process control system for motors
  • Use of EMTDC/ PSCAD for evaluation of harmonic analysis and filter design
  • Load flow analysis of integrated DC/ AC power system using newton-raphson method
  • Auto-Irrigation System development using solar power
  • DC motor speed control unit design
  • Protection System design for under-voltage
  • Protection System design for over-voltage
  • Silicon robot based on solar power
  • 3-phase grid-connected PV systems simulation and design
  • Analysis of brushless servo motors
  • Grid-connected PV systems multilevel inverter simulation
  • MIMO transformer models
  • Fault detection in 3 phase transmission lines
  • An optimization technique for flexible load scheduling
  • Design of remote terminal unit for secure control of power
  • Use of the artificial neural network for 3-phase fault detection
  • Design of electrical substation earthing system
  • Microgrid integration in the power transmission lines
  • Induction motor temperature and material selection
  • Open-loop simulation for an optimal vehicle simulation and design
  • Use of STATCOM for improving the transient stability of a power grid
  • Peak load management using Vehicle to Grid system
  • Image sensing for a closed-loop traffic control system
  • Arduino based smart home automation system
  • 3 phase induction motor controlled by SVPWM in an electric vehicle
  • Increasing the efficiency of a superconducting transformer
  • An analysis of (SCADA) System in Power Stations

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Research topics for electrical engineering can be exciting yet challenging to find at the same time as they require a lot of time for thorough research and writing. Moreover, the topic and the desired approach can a lot of time to be finalized. Keeping this hassle in view, we have compiled a list of the top 100  electrical engineering research paper topics  in a single article to save your time. We will also keep updating the list to include some more latest and fresh research topics related to electrical engineering.

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Digital Commons @ USF > College of Engineering > Electrical Engineering > Theses and Dissertations

Electrical Engineering Theses and Dissertations

Theses/dissertations from 2024 2024.

Effects of Unobservable Bus States on Detection and Localization of False Data Injection Attacks in Smart Grids , Moheb Abdelmalak

Modeling the Human Learning Process Using an Industrial Steam Boiler Analogy to Design a Psychophysiological-Based Hypermedia Adaptive Automation System , Liliana María Villavicencio López

Theses/Dissertations from 2023 2023

On the Performance Enhancement of Beamspace MIMO and Non-orthogonal Multiple Access for Future Cellular Networks , Sinasi Cetinkaya

Enhancing Smart Grid Security and Reliability through Graph Signal Processing and Energy Data Analytics , Md Abul Hasnat

Fabric-Based Organic Electrochemical Transistor Towards Wearable pH Sensing Electronics , Nestor Osvaldo Marquez Rios

Novel Systems Engineering Framework Analysis of Photovoltaic Models and Equations , Peter R. Michael

Deep Learning Enhancement and Privacy-Preserving Deep Learning: A Data-Centric Approach , Hung S. Nguyen

Cyber-Physical Multi-Robot Systems in a Smart Factory: A Networked AI Agents Approach , Zixiang Nie

Multiple Access Techniques Enabling Diverse Wireless Services , Mehmet Mert Şahin

Remote Medical Diagnosis via Infrared Thermography and Augmented Reality , Frederick M. Selkey

Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Optimization Techniques for Energy and Socioeconomic Systems , Salman Sadiq Shuvo

Process Automation and Robotics Engineering for Industrial Processing Systems , Drake Stimpson

Analysis and Model of Sensor-less Modified Direct Torque Control Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine for Electrical Submersible Pumping Applications , Mulu Woldeyohannes

Theses/Dissertations from 2022 2022

Modeling, Control, and Operation of a Grid-Tied Solar Photovoltaic Inverter in Unbalanced Conditions , Abdulhakim Alsaif

Stability and Interaction Analysis of Inverter-Based Resources in Power Grids , Li Bao

Reducing Instrumentation Barriers of Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy for Low-Cost Deep Tissue Blood Flow Monitoring , Arindam Biswas

Healthcare IoT System and Network Design , Halil Ibrahim Deniz

Video Anomaly Detection: Practical Challenges for Learning Algorithms , Keval Doshi

Data-Driven State Estimation for Improved Wide Area Situational Awareness in Smart Grids , Md Jakir Hossain

Explainable and Cooperative Autonomy Across Networks of Distributed Systems , Peter Joseph Jorgensen

Deep Learning and Feature Engineering for Human Activity Recognition: Exploiting Novel Rich Learning Representations and Sub-transfer Learning to Boost Practical Performance , Ria Kanjilal

Assistive Technologies for Independent Navigation for People with Blindness , Howard Kaplan

Fiber-based Electrical Energy Storage and Harvesting Devices for Wearable Electronics , Tareq Kareri

Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases Using Higher Order Statistical Analysis of Electroencephalography Signals , Seyed Alireza Khoshnevis

Data-driven Design and Analysis of Next Generation Mobile Networks for Anomaly Detection and Signal Classification with Fast, Robust and Light Machine Learning , Muhammed Furkan Küçük

Soft Magnetic Composite Substrates for RF/Microwave Applications , Poonam Lathiya

Mm-Wave Reconfigurable Antenna Arrays, Phase Shifters and Beamforming Networks With Reduced Hardware Complexity Using Integrated Microfluidic Actuation , Jonas J. Mendoza Sandoval

Frequency Domain Diffuse Optics Spectroscopies for Quantitative Measurement of Tissue Optical Properties , Sadhu Moka

Accelerating Multiparametric MRI for Adaptive Radiotherapy , Shraddha Pandey

A Model-Based Fault Diagnosis in Dynamic Systems via Asynchronous Motors System Identification or Testing, and Control Engineering Observers , Kenelt Pierre

Improving Wireless Networking from the Learning and Security Perspectives , Zhe Qu

Finding Signal in the Noise: High-Fidelity, Quantitative, Optical Blood Perfusion Imaging with Interference , Abdul Mohaimen Safi

Security and Privacy Enhancing Technologies in the Deep Learning Era , Gamage Dumindu Samaraweera

Recognition of Modern Modulated Waveforms with Applications to ABMS and VDATS Test Program Set Development , Sylwester Sobolewski

Information Dissemination and Perpetual Network , Harshit Srivastava

Dynamic Study of Inverter-based Resources in Weak Grids , Zhengyu Wang

Improving Robustness of Deep Learning Models and Privacy-Preserving Image Denoising , Hadi Zanddizari

Theses/Dissertations from 2021 2021

A Method for Compact Representation of Heterogenous and Multivariate Time Series for Robust Classification and Visualization , Alla Abdella

Dynamical System and Parameter Identification for Power Systems , Abdullah Abdulrahman Alassaf

Phasor Domain Modeling of Type-III Wind Turbines , Mohammed Alqahtani

An Automated Framework for Connected Speech Evaluation of Neurodegenerative Disease: A Case Study in Parkinson's Disease , Sai Bharadwaj Appakaya

Investigation of CoO ATO for Solar Cells and Infrared Sheaths , Manopriya Devisetty Subramanyam

Thermal Management of Lithium-ion Batteries Using Supercapacitors , Sanskruta Dhotre

Effect of Se Composition in CdSe 1-X T eX /CdTe Solar Cells , Sheikh Tawsif Elahi

Microencapsulation of Thermochromic Materials for Thermal Storage and Energy Efficiency of Buildings , Abdullatif Hakami

Piezoelectrically-Transduced ZnO-on-Diamond Resonators with Enhanced Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Power-handling Capability for Sensing and Wireless Communication Applications , Xu Han

Preparation and Characterization of Single Layer Conducting Polymer Electrochromic and Touchchromic Devices , Sharan Kumar Indrakar

Security Attacks and Defenses in Cyber Systems: From an AI Perspective , Zhengping Luo

Power System Optimization Methods: Convex Relaxation and Benders Decomposition , Minyue Ma

Metal Oxide Sensor Array Test Bed Prototype for Diagnostic Breath Analysis , Tiffany C. Miller

Packaging of Active RF Beamforming IC Utilizing Additive Manufacturing , Ryan Murphy

Adaptive Network Slicing in Fog RAN for IoT with Heterogeneous Latency and Computing Requirements: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach , Almuthanna Nassar

Development of a Bipolar Radiofrequency Ablation Device for Renal Denervation , Noel Perez

Copper Electrodeposition Assisted by Hydrogen Evolution for Wearable Electronics: Interconnections and Fiber Metallization , Sabrina M. Rosa Ortiz

Theory and Application of Dielectric Rod Antennas and Arrays , Gabriel Saffold

Advanced Organic Polymers for the Nanoscale Fabrication of Fiber-based Electronics Using the Electrospinning Technique , William Serrano Garcia

Transparent Planar Micro-Electrode Array for In-Vitro Electric Field Mediated Gene Delivery , Raj Himatlal Shah

High Speed Switching for Plasma Based Electroporation , Shivangi Sharma

Development of Small-Scale Power Supplies for Wearable Medical Diagnostic Devices , Donny Stiner

Novel Approach to Integrate CAN Based Vehicle Sensors with GPS Using Adaptive Filters to Improve Localization Precision in Connected Vehicles from a Systems Engineering Perspective , Abhijit Vasili

Modeling, Control and Analysis of Inverter-Based Generators in the Power Grids , Yangkun Xu

Fiber-Based Supercapacitor for Wearable Electronics , Rohit Lallansingh Yadav

Modeling, Identification, and Stability Analysis of Inverter-Based Resources Integrated Systems , Miao Zhang

Data-Oriented Approaches towards Mobile, Network and Secure Systems , Shangqing Zhao

Strategies in Botnet Detection and Privacy Preserving Machine Learning , Di Zhuang

Theses/Dissertations from 2020 2020

Architecture design and optimization of Edge-enabled Smart Grids , Adetola B. Adeniran

Multimodal Data Fusion and Attack Detection in Recommender Systems , Mehmet Aktukmak

Artificial Intelligence Towards the Wireless Channel Modeling Communications in 5G , Saud Mobark Aldossari

Enhancement of 5G Network Performance Using Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) , Faeik Tayseer Al Rabee

Investigation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Intrusion Detection System in Cybersecurity , Mohmmed Alrowaily

Comprehensive Optimization Models for Voltage Regulation in PV-rich Multi-phase Distribution Systems , Ibrahim Alsaleh

Design and Implementation of Solid/Solid Phononic Crystal Structures in Lateral Extensional Thin-film Piezoelectric on Silicon Micromechanical Resonators , Abdulrahman Alsolami

Analysis of Computational Modeling Methods as Applied to Single-Crystal Organohalide Perovskites , Jon M. Bebeau

Development of a Monolithic Implantable Neural Interface from Cubic Silicon Carbide and Evaluation of Its MRI Compatibility , Mohammad Beygi

Performance Enhancement Techniques for Next-Generation Multi-Service Communication and Medical Cyber-Physical Systems , Ali Fatih Demir

Microfluidically Reconfigurable Millimeter-Wave Switches, Antenna Arrays and Filters with Fast-Actuation Using Movable Metallized Plates and Integrated Actuation , Enrique J. Gonzalez Carvajal

Multilayered Transmission Lines, Antennas and Phased Arrays with Structurally Integrated Control Electronics Using Additive Manufacturing , Merve Kacar

Cost Efficient Algorithms and Methods for Spectral Efficiency in Future Radio Access , Murat Karabacak

Design of DeLRo Autonomous Delivery Robot and AI Based Localization , Tolga Karakurt

Theory, Fabrication, and Characterization of Perovskite Phototransistor , Fatemeh Khorramshahi

Modeling and Control of Renewable Energy in Grids and Microgrids , Yin Li

Next-Generation Self-Organizing Communications Networks: Synergistic Application of Machine Learning and User-Centric Technologies , Chetana V. Murudkar

Reliability Analysis of Power Grids and its Interdependent Infrastructures: An Interaction Graph-based Approach , Upama Nakarmi

Algorithms Enabling Communications in the Presence of Adjacent Channel Interference , Berker Peköz

Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane Based Glucose Sensor with Integration of Potentiostat Circuit , Kavyashree Puttananjegowda

Service Provisioning and Security Design in Software Defined Networks , Mohamed Rahouti

Reading and Programming Spintronic Devices for Biomimetic Applications and Fault-tolerant Memory Design , Kawsher Ahmed Roxy

Implementation of SR Flip-Flop Based PUF on FPGA for Hardware Security , Sai Praneeth Sagi

Trauma Detection Personal Locator Beacon System , Sakshi Sharma

Network Function Virtualization In Fog Networks , Nazli Siasi

Socially Aware Network User Mobility Analysis and Novel Approaches on Aerial Mobile Wireless Network Deployment , Ismail Uluturk

Spatial Stereo Sound Source Localization Optimization and CNN Based Source Feature Recognition , Cong Xu

Hybrid RF Acoustic Resonators and Arrays with Integrated Capacitive and Piezoelectric Transducers , Adnan Zaman

Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019

Fabrication and Characterization of Electrical Energy Storage and Harvesting Energy Devices Using Gel Electrolytes , Belqasem Aljafari

Phasor Measurement Unit Data-Based Steady State and Dynamic Model Estimation , Anas Almunif

Cross Layer-based Intrusion Detection System Using Machine Learning for MANETs , Amar Amouri

Power Conditioning System on a Micro-Grid System , Tamoghna Banerjee

Thermal Response in a Field Oriented Controlled Three-phase Induction Motor , Niyem Mawenbe Bawana

Design and Development of a Wireless EEG System Integrated into a Football Helmet , Akshay V. Dunakhe

Machine Learning, Game Theory Algorithms, and Medium Access Protocols for 5G and Internet-of-Thing (IoT) Networks , Mohamed Elkourdi

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Research topics in electronics and electrical engineering

Electronics and electrical engineering are the studies of harnessing electricity and the electromagnetic spectrum to enhance the lives of human beings. It is exciting and futuristic to think about significant technological advancements and electronic technology breakthroughs like smart grid systems, electronic vehicles, sustainable power consumption, wireless wearables, robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), AR (Augmented Reality), VR (Virtual Reality), and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Advanced developments in technology for electronics research and development contribute to the efficient use of energy for our daily needs. PhD Assistance may assist you in selecting the latest topic for study in electronics and electrical engineering.

Here are some of the topic research topics in electronics and electrical engineering.

Electrical engineering topics include the following:

  • Study on the use of a modified PNN classifier with SMO optimization techniques for diagnosing the severity of skin cancer conditions
  • A study on battery integrated multiple input DC-DC boost converter
  • A study on the impact of Evaluation of compact fluorescent lights in a 50 Hz electrical network
  • A Systematic Evaluation of deep neural network-based dynamic modelling method for AC power electronic systems:
  • A Review of 2D van der Waals Devices Using Electronic Modulation of Semimetallic Electrode
  • A Study on frequency stability of hybrid industrial microgrids using optimal fractional sliding mode
  • Review on Latent Features of Neural Network Design for Power Electronic Systems Using Impedance Modelling
  • Understanding Effective Power Electronics Using Circuit Simulation
  • First-principles calculations of phosphorus-doped SnO2 transparent conducting oxide: Structural, electronic, and electrical properties
  • Adaptive position control of a brush-based DC motor
  • Implementation of an A-Source DC–DC Boost Combination Phase-Shifting Full-Bridge Converter for Electric Car Rapid Charging Applications
  • PM machines with high power and high speed.
  • Series connected super-capacitor and li-ion capacitor cells: active voltage equalisation.
  • Design choice in the direct drive in-wheel motors.
  • Reluctance Motors.
  • Nanoelectronics.
  • Atomic layer interface engineering.
  • Using photovoltaics, graphene, and silicon carbide.
  • Piezoelectrics and ferroelectrics.
  • Studying behaviour thru computational modelling.
  • Computation research in new technologies, materials.
  • Power electronics tools and equipment.
  • Electrical motors and their redesigning.
  • Energy networks and their mathematical foundations.
  • Computer-aided design for electrical engineering.
  • Smart grid monitoring.
  • Soft magnetic composites.
  • Electric vehicle motors and gearbox.
  • Distributed generation systems: loss detection of grid events via pattern identification.
  • Challenges of autonomous power systems.
  • Extra-functionality devices: advanced technology modelling.
  • Switched reluctance motors.
  • Electric vehicles and health monitoring of power semiconductor modules.
  • Cost Functions for Efficient Electrics Vehicle Drive Systems.
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SciTechDaily

Browsing: Electrical Engineering

Electrical engineering is a branch of engineering that focuses on the study, design, and application of equipment, devices, and systems which use electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. It emerged as an identifiable occupation in the latter half of the 19th century after commercialization of the electric telegraph and electrical power supply. This field covers a wide range of subfields including power engineering, telecommunications, radio-frequency engineering, signal processing, digital electronics, and microelectronics. Electrical engineers work on a diverse array of technologies from the design of household appliances, electric power stations, and wiring and lighting in buildings, to telecommunications systems, electrical power systems, and circuit design. Developments in electrical engineering have profound impacts on other fields like computing, mechanical and civil engineering, and are integral to innovations in renewable energy, transportation systems, and medical technologies.

The Next Frontier: DNA Emerges as a Powerhouse for Data Storage and Computing

Researchers from NC State and Johns Hopkins have developed a breakthrough technology that leverages DNA…

A Simple Chemical Addition: Researchers Discover Key to Longer-Lasting Solar Cells

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Liquid Metal Revolutionizes Transparent Electronic Circuit Printing

Scientists have developed a groundbreaking technique for printing metal oxide films at room temperature, creating…

Brain-Like Supercomputers: Harnessing Charge Density Waves for Revolutionary Efficiency

Charge density waves have applications in next-generation and energy-efficient computing. Scientists used an ultrafast electron…

Identify Unknown Substances Instantly: Pocket-Sized Invention Revolutionizes Ability To Detect Harmful Materials

The affordable, cellphone-based Raman spectrometer system can identify unknown biological molecules in just minutes. A…

Up to One Million Kilometers: Revolutionary Single-Crystal Synthesis Boosts EV Battery Lifespan

POSTECH researchers have advanced electric vehicle battery technology by developing a method to synthesize durable…

Electronics That Defy Venus’ Heat: How Gallium Nitride Could Revolutionize Space Exploration

Researchers are turning to gallium nitride for high-temperature applications such as Venus exploration, due to…

MIT’s Diamond Qubits Redefine the Future of Quantum Computing

A new quantum-system-on-chip enables the efficient control of a large array of qubits, advancing toward…

Tiny Titan: MIT’s Revolutionary Coin-Sized 3D Printer Fits in Your Pocket

Smaller than a coin, this tiny optical device could enable rapid prototyping on the go.…

Quantum Transformation: TiS3 Nanoribbons Become Superconductors Under Pressure

A study has shown that compressing TiS3 nanoribbons transforms them from insulators to superconductors, enabling…

Silicon Magic: Powering the Quantum Internet of the Future

By utilizing traditional semiconductor devices, researchers have unlocked new potentials in quantum communication, pushing us…

Controlling Electronics With Light: Magnetite’s Hidden Phases Exposed by Lasers

Researchers have successfully manipulated the structural properties of magnetite using light-induced phase transitions. This technique…

AI Chip Breakthrough: Memristors Mimic Neural Timekeeping

In the brain, timekeeping is done with neurons that relax at different rates after receiving…

The Key to 6G: Penn Engineers Unlock the Next Generation of Wireless Communications

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Cheaper and Better: Japanese Scientists Unveil Ultra-Efficient Electrical Converter

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Ai for healthcare and life sciences, artificial intelligence and machine learning, biological and medical devices and systems, communications systems.

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Computer architecture, educational technology, electronic, magnetic, optical and quantum materials and devices, graphics and vision, human-computer interaction, information science and systems, integrated circuits and systems, nanoscale materials, devices, and systems, natural language and speech processing, optics + photonics, optimization and game theory, programming languages and software engineering, quantum computing, communication, and sensing, security and cryptography, signal processing, systems and networking, systems theory, control, and autonomy, theory of computation.

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EECS’ research covers a wide variety of topics in electrical engineering , computer science , and artificial intelligence and decision-making .

The future of our society is interwoven with the future of data-driven thinking—most prominently, artificial intelligence is set to reshape every aspect of our lives. Research in this area studies the interface between AI-driven systems and human actors, exploring both the impact of data-driven decision-making on human behavior and experience, and how AI technologies can be used to improve access to opportunities. This research combines a variety of areas including AI, machine learning, economics, social psychology, and law.

Our goal is to develop AI technologies that will change the landscape of healthcare. This includes early diagnostics, drug discovery, care personalization and management. Building on MIT’s pioneering history in artificial intelligence and life sciences, we are working on algorithms suitable for modeling biological and clinical data across a range of modalities including imaging, text and genomics.

Our research covers a wide range of topics of this fast-evolving field, advancing how machines learn, predict, and control, while also making them secure, robust and trustworthy. Research covers both the theory and applications of ML. This broad area studies ML theory (algorithms, optimization, …), statistical learning (inference, graphical models, causal analysis, …), deep learning, reinforcement learning, symbolic reasoning ML systems, as well as diverse hardware implementations of ML.

We develop the technology and systems that will transform the future of biology and healthcare. Specific areas include biomedical sensors and electronics, nano- and micro-technologies, imaging, and computational modeling of disease.

We develop the next generation of wired and wireless communications systems, from new physical principles (e.g., light, terahertz waves) to coding and information theory, and everything in between.

We bring some of the most powerful tools in computation to bear on design problems, including modeling, simulation, processing and fabrication.

We design the next generation of computer systems. Working at the intersection of hardware and software, our research studies how to best implement computation in the physical world. We design processors that are faster, more efficient, easier to program, and secure. Our research covers systems of all scales, from tiny Internet-of-Things devices with ultra-low-power consumption to high-performance servers and datacenters that power planet-scale online services. We design both general-purpose processors and accelerators that are specialized to particular application domains, like machine learning and storage. We also design Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools to facilitate the development of such systems.

Educational technology combines both hardware and software to enact global change, making education accessible in unprecedented ways to new audiences. We develop the technology that makes better understanding possible.

Our research spans a wide range of materials that form the next generation of devices, and includes groundbreaking research on graphene & 2D materials, quantum computing, MEMS & NEMS, and new substrates for computation.

Our research focuses on solving challenges related to the transduction, transmission, and control of energy and energy systems. We develop new materials for energy storage, devices and power electronics for harvesting, generation and processing of energy, and control of large-scale energy systems.

The shared mission of Visual Computing is to connect images and computation, spanning topics such as image and video generation and analysis, photography, human perception, touch, applied geometry, and more.

The focus of our research in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is inventing new systems and technology that lie at the interface between people and computation, and understanding their design, implementation, and societal impact.

This broad research theme covered activities across all aspects of systems that process information, and the underlying science and mathematics, and includes communications, networking & information theory; numerical and computational simulation and prototyping; signal processing and inference; medical imaging; data science, statistics and inference.

Our field deals with the design and creation of sophisticated circuits and systems for applications ranging from computation to sensing.

Our research focuses on the creation of materials and devices at the nano scale to create novel systems across a wide variety of application areas.

Our research encompasses all aspects of speech and language processing—ranging from the design of fundamental machine learning methods to the design of advanced applications that can extract information from documents, translate between languages, and execute instructions in real-world environments.

Our work focuses on materials, devices, and systems for optical and photonic applications, with applications in communications and sensing, femtosecond optics, laser technologies, photonic bandgap fibers and devices, laser medicine and medical imaging, and millimeter-wave and terahertz devices.

Research in this area focuses on developing efficient and scalable algorithms for solving large scale optimization problems in engineering, data science and machine learning. Our work also studies optimal decision making in networked settings, including communication networks, energy systems and social networks. The multi-agent nature of many of these systems also has led to several research activities that rely on game-theoretic approaches.

We develop new approaches to programming, whether that takes the form of programming languages, tools, or methodologies to improve many aspects of applications and systems infrastructure.

Our work focuses on developing the next substrate of computing, communication and sensing. We work all the way from new materials to superconducting devices to quantum computers to theory.

Our research focuses on robotic hardware and algorithms, from sensing to control to perception to manipulation.

Our research is focused on making future computer systems more secure. We bring together a broad spectrum of cross-cutting techniques for security, from theoretical cryptography and programming-language ideas, to low-level hardware and operating-systems security, to overall system designs and empirical bug-finding. We apply these techniques to a wide range of application domains, such as blockchains, cloud systems, Internet privacy, machine learning, and IoT devices, reflecting the growing importance of security in many contexts.

Signal processing focuses on algorithms and hardware for analyzing, modifying and synthesizing signals and data, across a wide variety of application domains. As a technology it plays a key role in virtually every aspect of modern life including for example entertainment, communications, travel, health, defense and finance.

From distributed systems and databases to wireless, the research conducted by the systems and networking group aims to improve the performance, robustness, and ease of management of networks and computing systems.

Our theoretical research includes quantification of fundamental capabilities and limitations of feedback systems, inference and control over networks, and development of practical methods and algorithms for decision making under uncertainty.

Theory of Computation (TOC) studies the fundamental strengths and limits of computation, how these strengths and limits interact with computer science and mathematics, and how they manifest themselves in society, biology, and the physical world.

Caltech

The faculty of the Electrical Engineering Option are involved in investigations spanning a broad spectrum of theoretical and real-world problems. Some of our core areas are listed below in alphabetical order:

Bio-Electronics, Bio-Optics, and Medical Imaging

Azita Emami , Ali Hajimiri , Alireza Marandi , Axel Scherer , Yu-Chong Tai , Lihong Wang , Changhuei Yang

Electrical engineering has broadly impacted biomedicine. Integrated circuits are used to detect biological matters, such as DNA and proteins, in various (e.g., electrical, magnetic, optical) sensing modes with high sensitivity. Applications include microarrays and point-of-care. MEMS and nanotechnologies are developed for a new generation of micro-implants. Examples include retinal implants, drug delivery pumps, and bio-analyte sensors. Optical technologies are developed for medical imaging. Current areas of interest include optofluidics, wavefront shaping, wide field-of-view imaging, chip-scale microscopy, Fourier ptychographic microscopy, photoacoustic tomography, microwave-induced thermoacoustic tomography, and light-speed compressed ultrafast tomography.

Biological Information Science

Michelle Effros

Electrical engineering provides tools useful for studying information transmission, storage, and understanding.  While the application of these tools is wide spread and well known in technological systems, their application to biological systems is less common but similarly powerful. Current areas of interest include the mathematical theory of information transmission, storage, and understanding in the brain and the investigation of information transmission in DNA.

Circuits and VLSI

Azita Emami , Ali Hajimiri

Analysis, design, simulation, verification, and testing of integrated circuits for various applications, such as high-speed and wireless communications, wireless local-area networks, highly stable frequency sources, distributed integrated circuit design techniques for ultrahigh speed silicon-based circuits, system and circuit design for multi- band systems, single-chip spectrum analyzers, performance limitation of A/D and D/A data converters, and robust circuit- design techniques. Projects also include millimeter-wave silicon-based circuits and arrays, flexible and lightweight arrays, wireless power transfer at distance, silicon-photonics and electronics integration, self-healing circuits, high frequency power generation in CMOS, analysis and design of distributed circuits, multimode reconfigurable systems, as well as modeling of the effect of substrate and supply noise in large integrated circuits and design techniques to minimize their effect, examination of integrated passive structures and their fundamental performance limits, and noise modeling in amplifiers, mixers, and oscillators. More information can be found at chic.caltech.edu and mics.caltech.edu.

Control and Learning

Venkat Chandrasekaran , John Doyle , Babak Hassibi , Victoria Kostina , Steven Low , Yang Song , Joel Burdick (Mechanical & Civil Engineering), Richard Murray (Control & Dynamical Systems)

Theoretical research is conducted in all aspects of control, with emphasis on robustness, multivariable and nonlinear systems, optimal control, networked control with information constraints, learning for dynamical systems, online learning and control, control-theoretic perspectives on deep learning, and reinforcement learning. Theoretical developments are applied to a wide variety of areas, including internet, autonomous systems, wireless, power systems, cell biology, autonomy, neuroscience, medical physiology, turbulence, wildfire ecology, earthquakes, economics and finance, and foundations of physics.

Azita Emami , Ali Hajimiri , Alireza Marandi , Axel Scherer , Yu-Chong Tai , Lihong Wang , Changhuei Yang , Amnon Yariv

Research on devices in the Electrical Engineering department deals with a variety of fundamental topics including semiconductor physics, quantum mechanics, electromagnetics, and optics for developing hardware technologies for applications including sensing, communication, computing, and imaging. These devices can range in size from kilometer scale (such as antenna arrays for radio astronomy), to nano scale (such as building blocks of electronic and photonic integrated circuits).

Electromagnetics, RF, Microwave Circuits, and Antennas

Azita Emami , Andrei Faraon , Ali Hajimiri , Alireza Marandi , Mohammad Mirhosseini , Sander Weinreb

Electromagnetics spans most aspects of electrical engineering (and everyday life) from RF, microwave, and mm-wave to infrared and visible optical systems that form the underlying platforms for many of modern marvels. Research involves theoretical study, design, and implementation of devices and systems, such as resonators, radiators, and arrays in microwave and mm-waves, as well as silicon photonics integrated circuits in conjunction with active high speed electronics and photonics integrated circuits. Some examples of such systems include optical phased arrays (OPA) transmitters and receivers, lightweight flexible deployable active phased arrays for communications and power transferm, multimodality quantum computing qubits, and radio astronomy receivers and arrays. This area includes strong theoretical investigations as well as extensive experimental work in realization of these systems in practice.

Energy and Sustainability

John Doyle , Ali Hajimiri , Babak Hassibi , Steven Low , Guillaume Blanquart (Mechanical & Civil Engineering), Adam Wierman (Computing & Mathematical Sciences)

Energy research at Caltech encompasses control, optimization, and economics of energy systems, especially future smart grid. The goal is to develop a thorough understanding of the world's largest and most complex cyber-physical network as well as an intellectual basis for its transformation into a more sustainable, dynamic, and open system. Current research spans optimal power flow problems, convex relaxations, electric vehicle charging, wireless power transfer, space solar power, energy storage, power system dynamics and control, electricity markets, nonconvex pricing, market power, and cascading failure.

Information and Data Science

Katie Bouman , Venkat Chandrasekaran , Michelle Effros , Babak Hassibi , Victoria Kostina , Yang Song

The information and data sciences are concerned with the acquisition, storage, communication, processing, and analysis of data. These intellectual activities have a long history at Caltech both in electrical engineering as well as in allied areas such as applied mathematics. Current research centers around activity at the interface of statistical inference, inverse problems, and machine learning, and has significant synergies with ongoing efforts in information theory and signal processing.

Information Theory

Yaser Abu-Mostafa , Jehoshua (Shuki) Bruck , Michelle Effros , Babak Hassibi , Victoria Kostina , P.P. Vaidyanathan

Theoretical work in a wide range of problems involving transmission, storage and manipulation of information, with strong links to optimization, statistics, control, learning, and wireless communications. Current research foci include bitrate/energy efficiency of computing systems, coding for control, computing with stochastic circuits, error correcting codes for digital storage, coding for delay-sensitive systems, feedback communications, multi-user information theory, parameter estimation with unconventional sampling strategies, random access communications, and random asynchronous computations.

Learning, Pattern Recognition, and Neural Networks

Yaser Abu-Mostafa , Katie Bouman , Jehoshua (Shuki) Bruck , Michelle Effros , Pietro Perona , Yang Song

Theoretical and applied research in machine learning. Current theoretical research directions include estimating the information (data and hints) needed to learn a given task, characterizing the computational complexity of computing with neural networks, and modeling how biological networks of neurons create brain function. Current applied research directions include applications of ML in biology and medicine, in computational imaging, in e-commerce and profiling applications, and in computational finance. Examples of recent projects include a data-driven approach to predicting the spread of COVID-19 in every U.S. county (Abu-Mostafa), an ML approach to medical diagnostics using low-resolution ultrasound (Abu-Mostafa), a learning-based approach to jointly optimize sensor and algorithm designs in computational camera pipelines in order to automatically discover new imaging strategies (Bouman), and a Our latest project is a data-driven approach to predicting the spread of COVID-19 in every U.S. county.theoretical investigation of how networks of neurons form, store, and retrieve memories (Effros). Learning tools are also used for more efficient uncertainty quantification in ill-posed inverse problems, to improve our underlying model of a physical system, and to incorporate more sophisticated knowledge into inference methods.

MEMS and Micromachining

Alireza Marandi , Mohammad Mirhosseini , Axel Scherer , Yu-Chong Tai

We exercise MEMS, Micro- and nanotechnologies to build various sensor and actuator devices. Current research projects focus on bioMEMS and microimplant applications, including integrated biochips, microfluidic chips, neuron chips, blood-count chips, neuroprobes, retinal implants and spinal cord implants, wireless ECG, etc. Hands-on fabrication of these devices is specially emphasized for every student in the laboratory at Caltech.

Networks and Wireless Communication

Michelle Effros , Babak Hassibi , Victoria Kostina , Adam Wierman (Computing & Mathematical Sciences)

Research in networks and wireless communication at Caltech spans the spectrum from characterizing theoretical limits of communication system performance to developing algorithms to approximate those limits in practice. Current areas of interest include models and performance analysis for wireless networks, code design and capacity characterization for communication environments characterized by unknown or time-varying channel characteristics, novel modulation schemes, random access communications, remote control over wireless channels, and cloud and edge computing and resource allocation for energy-efficient computing.

Optimization

Venkat Chandrasekaran , John Doyle , Andrei Faraon , Babak Hassibi , Steven Low

Optimization is the science of choosing the best element from a collection subject to some constraints. Current research at Caltech spans the spectrum from theoretical foundations to algorithmic development and eventual deployment in applications. In the context of electrical engineering, optimization methods play a prominent role in signal processing, communications systems design, statistical modeling, control, and machine learning.

Quantum Science and Engineering

Andrei Faraon , Alireza Marandi , Mohammad Mirhosseini , Lihong Wang

Experimental and theoretical research on physical implementations of quantum information processing systems and on quantum imaging and physics. Current areas of research include: quantum computing hardware (memory, logic, interconnects) based on integrated superconducting circuits, photonics, and acoustics components; architectures for scaling quantum networks and modular quantum computing based on quantum transducers; understanding the sources of quantum decoherence in solid-state qubits; quantum imaging and physics. See qse.caltech.edu or http://coilab.caltech.edu/ for further details.

Signal Processing

Katie Bouman , Venkat Chandrasekaran , Michelle Effros , Babak Hassibi , Pietro Perona , Yang Song , P.P. Vaidyanathan

Theoretical and computer-oriented work on a wide variety of problems in digital signal processing, with strong links to optimization, statistics, inverse problems and other areas of applied mathematics. Research areas include sparse sensor arrays, sparse signal reconstruction, compressive sensing, phase retrieval, structured signal recovery, high dimensional statistics, array signal processing, multirate digital filters and filter banks, radar signal processing, genomic signal processing, spectrum sensing, graph signal processing, asynchronous random access communication systems, and lossless source coding and channel coding. Other topics include novel machine learning algorithms with applications in computer vision, visual recognition and categorization, and computational imaging with systems that tightly integrate algorithm and sensor design to find hidden signals for scientific discovery and technological innovation.

Katie Bouman , Michelle Effros , Pietro Perona , Yang Song , P.P. Vaidyanathan , Richard Andersen (Computation & Neural Systems), John Allman (Computation & Neural Systems)

Theory and applications of computer vision. Psychophysics and modeling of the human visual system. Modeling of vision-based decision-making in humans and animals. Current emphasis is on visual object recognition; vision-based human-machine interfaces; perception and modeling of human and animal behavior. Areas of collaboration include statistical machine learning, artificial intelligence, neural networks, computer graphics, neurophysiology, psychology, applied probability, robotics, geometry, and signal processing.

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A small black drone outfitted with four toroidal propellers. Each propeller looks like two loops, made of plastic.

Six Lincoln Laboratory inventions win 2022 R&D 100 Awards

Technologies recognized with "Oscars of Innovation" transform hurricane tracking, electronics cooling, collision avoidance, cybersecurity, and more.

September 21, 2022

Read full story →

MIT researchers are developing RFID stickers that sense their environment, enabling low-cost monitoring of chemicals and other signals in the environment.

MIT engineers configure RFID tags to work as sensors

Platform may enable continuous, low-cost, reliable devices that detect chemicals in the environment.

June 14, 2018

MIT postdoc Junwei Liu and collaborators are proposing a new random access memory (RAM) device architecture using ferroelectric tunneling RAM.

Charging up random access memory

Researchers demonstrate room-temperature ferroelectric states in ultra-thin films of tin and tellurium.

July 14, 2016

MIT assistant professor of physics Liang Fu seeks to identify new materials that can process and store quantum information robustly.

Faculty highlight: Liang Fu

MIT theoretical physicist’s research bridges abstract math and exotic computing materials.

February 3, 2016

Eugene Fitzgerald

Rediscovering fundamental innovation

Eugene Fitzgerald explores the innovation dynamics that produce new technological and economic paradigms.

December 3, 2015

Eugene Fitzgerald

SMART electronics research

Eugene Fitzgerald pursues new models for innovation in electronics as part of the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology.

September 21, 2015

The MIT researchers' prototype for a chip measuring 3 millimeters by 3 millimeters.

Toward tiny, solar-powered sensors

New ultralow-power circuit improves efficiency of energy harvesting to more than 80 percent.

June 22, 2015

Weng Hong Teh, CU Tan, Roy Welsch, and Duane Boning

Student chips in with new technique for cutting silicon wafers

Leaders for Global Operation internship project earns award, could save millions for company.

May 1, 2015

Farnaz Niroui

Squitching behavior

MIT graduate student Farnaz Niroui demonstrates squeezable nano electromechanical switches with quantum tunneling function.

March 4, 2015

Morris Kesler

A world of wireless power

WiTricity brings wireless power to electrical cars, consumer electronics, and other applications that currently require clumsy cables or chargers.

October 28, 2014

electrical technology research topics

Making a wire-free future

WiTricity’s wireless charging technology is coming soon to mobile devices, electric cars, and more.

July 10, 2014

The internal molecular structure of the electrode compound reveals what the researchers call the "superstructure." At right is a scanning transmission electron microscope image of the material, and, at left, the image is color-coded based on electrical properties: Each green dot stands for a stripe of manganese plus-4 ions; purple dots, for manganese plus-3 ions; and mixed color dots (green inside...

Team visualizes complex electronic state

Multidisciplinary group solves mystery of how a potential battery electrode material behaves.

May 18, 2014

Freshmen, including Winter Guerra (pictured here), built loud-speakers and stereo-amplifiers of their own design in the new Cypress Engineering Design Studio to explore resonant systems and power conversion.

Engineering Design Studio brings ‘mind and hand’ to EECS

Students build their own electronics with help from Cypress Semiconductor

February 28, 2014

electrical technology research topics

CSAIL researchers develop new ways to streamline, simplify 3-D printing

New research to be presented at the 2013 SIGGRAPH computer graphics conference could transform field of 3-D printing.

July 24, 2013

Amar Bose, who served on the MIT faculty with distinction for 45 years.

Amar Bose ’51, SM ’52, ScD ’56, Bose Corporation’s founder, has died at 83

Entrepreneur served on faculty for 45 years; championed long-term corporate research.

July 12, 2013

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Articles on Electrical engineering

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electrical technology research topics

Understanding how ions flow in and out of the tiniest pores promises better energy storage devices

Ankur Gupta , University of Colorado Boulder

electrical technology research topics

Remembering South Africa’s “Grand Geek” Barry Dwolatzky - engineer and programming pioneer

Estelle Trengove , University of the Witwatersrand

electrical technology research topics

Home power backup systems – electrical engineers answer your questions

MJ (Thinus) Booysen , Stellenbosch University and Arnold Rix , Stellenbosch University

electrical technology research topics

Device transmits radio waves with almost no power – without violating the laws of physics

Joshua R. Smith , University of Washington and Zerina Kapetanovic , Stanford University

electrical technology research topics

Solar storm knocks out farmers’ high-tech tractors – an electrical engineer explains how a larger storm could take down the power grid and the internet

David Wallace , Mississippi State University

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The first mobile phone call was 75 years ago – what it takes for technologies to go from breakthrough to big time

Daniel Bliss , Arizona State University

electrical technology research topics

Why do smoke alarms keep going off even when there’s no smoke?

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electrical technology research topics

Why do different countries have different electric outlet plugs?

Theodore J. Kury , University of Florida

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How sensors monitor and measure our bodies and the world around us

Nicole McFarlane , University of Tennessee

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Paulo Garcia , Carleton University

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Crisis, what crisis? How smart solar can protect our vulnerable power grids

Lawrence McIntosh , University of Technology Sydney and Dani Alexander , University of Technology Sydney

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Static electricity’s tiny sparks

Sebastian Deffner , University of Maryland, Baltimore County

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Akshat Rathi, The Conversation

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Top 30 Electrical Research Paper Topics for MTech, Ph.D., and Final Year Engineering Students

Research Paper Topics in Electrical Engineering

Electrical research paper topics in the field of electric vehicles, renewable energy sources, machines, and power electronics are listed here. It’s a list of topics and each topic may be extended to many projects.

And each project can break down into many small mini-projects and major projects for electrical engineering. Research paper topics in electrical engineering would be helpful for MTech, Ph.D., and Engineering students.

ELECTRICAL RESEARCH PAPER TOPICS FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS

Here is the list of topics that you can use for electrical engineering research

  • Solar–thermal integrated system for power generation
  • Effect of temperature on photovoltaic energy conversion
  • Solar charging stations and impact on power system
  • Maximum power point tracking for electric car solar charging stations
  • Sparse matrix rectifier for efficiency improvement of photovoltaic conversion
  • Development of a novel Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm for solar systems
  • Rooftop solar power generation for educational institutions
  • DC-DC converter for DC power grid
  • DC power transmission and multiphase power transmission
  • Power quality analysis of micro grid-connected power grid
  • Micro grid integration and stain in power transmission lines
  • Harmonic elimination in SVPWM inverter
  • Power quality issues in UPS systems
  • Wind power station and grid harmonics elimination
  • Reluctance motor speed control
  • Temperature estimation of induction motor and material selection for the motor
  • Comparison of inverter circuit switching losses for PMSM and Induction motor drives
  • Regenerative braking efficiency in electric cars
  • Impact of regenerative braking on electric vehicle battery
  • Life analysis of electric vehicle battery
  • Regenerative braking using supercapacitor battery combination
  • Transformer load management in vehicle-to-grid connection
  • Peak load shaving using Vehicle to Grid connection
  • Switching loss minimization in the converter of Grid-connected electric cars
  • Fault detection and clearing (Power System Stabilization) using Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)
  • Substation Automation using WiFI
  • Power quality improvements when EV charging in a microgrid
  • Smart charging for electric vehicles
  • Microgrid to grid integration techniques for power system stability
  • Renewable source integration with power factor correction

A list of electrical research paper topics is presented in this post. The list opens doors to a number of other research topics in electrical engineering. Thinking about each topic in detail would help you out to find more topics in electrical engineering.

The post focus on power system, electrical vehicle, renewable energy, and motor related topics. Follow us to get more electrical engineering related project ideas.

  • [READ]: Electrical Projects for Engineering Students: Novel EEE projects for final-year students
  • [READ]: 40+ Electrical Mini Projects: A list of innovative electrical mini projects that you can do easily
  • [READ]: List of 50 electric vehicle projects for Engineering Students

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All About Circuits

5 Electrical Engineering Research Projects Making Their Mark in 2024

Join our engineering community sign-in with:, from 3d processors to self-powered sensors, these academic research projects show how "the next big thing" in electronics may emerge from labs worldwide..

Many of the most influential hardware companies can trace their origins back to a university lab. Even RISC-V, the open-source ISA taking the hardware world by storm, had its humble beginnings at the University of California, Berkeley, in 2010. Only a few months into 2024, several projects from universities worldwide—from MIT in Boston to Shibaura Institute of Technology in Japan, have caught our attention. Here's our editor's pick of five electrical engineering research projects to keep an eye on. 

MIT: Magnetic Energy Harvesting Sensor

MIT researchers have developed a self-powered, battery-free sensor that harvests magnetic energy from its surroundings. This sensor, designed for difficult-to-access areas like ship engines, can monitor power consumption and operations over extended periods without the need for battery replacement or special wiring.

System diagram of the self-powered sensor

System diagram of the self-powered sensor. Image used courtesy of IEEE

It operates by leveraging the ambient magnetic fields generated around electrical wires, enabling it to clip onto a wire and autonomously harvest energy. This energy is then used to monitor the temperature of the motor it is attached to. The researchers believe this innovation could lead to networks of maintenance-free sensors for various applications, significantly reducing installation and maintenance costs and potentially transforming the landscape of sensor deployment in industrial settings, manufacturing plants, and beyond.

Caltech: Tying Knots Inside Lasers

Caltech's recently published its latest research on mode-locked lasers, lasers that emit light in steady pulses instead of in one continuous beam. The team effectively created a  "knot" within the laser pulses , enhancing their resilience to imperfections and environmental disturbances.

“Tying to knot” with lasers

“Tying to knot” with lasers. Image used courtesy of Caltech

Such topological temporal mode-locking could significantly improve the stability and performance of frequency combs—crucial tools in modern communication, sensing, and computing applications. By ensuring that these laser pulses can withstand external shocks without losing coherence, the research opens new avenues for developing advanced sensing technologies and more reliable communication systems.

University of Florida: 3D Processors for Wireless Comms

The University of Florida's electrical engineering department has developed a three-dimensional processor it claims may "transform the landscape of wireless communication." The researchers aim to address the inherent limitations of traditional planar processors by embracing the third dimension, leading to unprecedented compactness and efficiency in data transmission. 

3D filter

A 3D filter created from connecting ferroelectric-gate fin resonators with different frequencies. Image used courtesy of the University of Florida

These 3D nanomechanical resonators, fabricated using CMOS technology, integrate different frequencies on one monolithic chip. The team calls this device a new type of spectral processor, taking a new approach to multi-band, frequency-agile radio chipsets to meet the surging demands for seamless connectivity and real-time data exchange. The potential applications are wide-ranging, from smart city infrastructures to remote healthcare services and immersive augmented reality experiences.

Shibaura Institute of Technology: Enhancing Electrical Fire Safety

At the Shibaura Institute of Technology, researchers have made a significant breakthrough in electrical fire safety by developing a method for detecting arc faults in low-voltage AC systems. Arc faults, one the leading causes of electrical fires, occur when two conductors electrically discharge because of poor contact, causing sparks as hot as 1,000°C. 

The researchers observed that when a copper oxide bridge burns at high temperatures, an arc fault occurs, turning the bridge into an insulator and creating a loop in the conducting path. In a theoretical simulation of this phenomenon, the team saw a unique current waveform, termed the "current shoulder," appear in arc faults with copper contacts. 

 No arc-fault state vs. arc-fault state

 No arc-fault state vs. arc-fault state under various types of loads. Image used courtesy of SIT

A current transformer can detect this current shoulder when the voltage disparities between arc-fault and non-arc-fault states offset changes in the transformer's magnetic flux. This discovery improves the accuracy of arc-fault detection and may subsequently reduce the risk of electrical fires in residential and commercial buildings.

National University of Singapore: Record Solar Cell Efficiency

The National University of Singapore has achieved a milestone in solar cell technology by developing triple-junction tandem solar cells with a world-record efficiency of 27.1%. This feat was accomplished by integrating a novel pseudohalide, cyanate, into perovskite solar cells—a move that not only stabilized the perovskite structure but also significantly reduced energy loss. 

The NUS triple-junction solar cell

The NUS triple-junction solar cell. Image used courtesy of NUS

The success of these cyanate-integrated perovskite solar cells in achieving higher voltages and maintaining stability under continuous operation marks a significant step forward in the quest for more efficient and sustainable energy solutions. 

Electronics Research Marches On

Have you heard of or participated in any recent research moving the needle in electrical engineering? How might the project affect specific industries? Tell us about it in the comments below.

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Electrical Engineering Project Topics

50 Best Electrical Engineering Project Topics: Charged with Innovation

Discover a world of innovation and hands-on creativity with our curated collection of “Electrical Engineering Project Topics.” From crafting smart home solutions to reimagining power systems, these engaging projects are designed to spark curiosity and empower aspiring electrical engineers.

Hey, future electrical maestros! Welcome to the buzzing universe of “Electrical Engineering Project Topics” – where we’re not just talking about circuits; we’re talking about turning ideas into a tech extravaganza!

Picture this: smart homes that are practically mind-readers, or power systems that are so slick, they’re practically the rockstars of the engineering world. This lineup of projects isn’t just about acing exams; it’s about getting your hands dirty (not literally, we promise) and creating stuff that’s not just cool but game-changing.

So, if you’re ready to ride the lightning in your electrical engineering adventure, you’re in the right place! We’re about to explore projects that not only light up bulbs but also light up your passion for everything electric. Grab your virtual toolkit, and let’s make sparks fly!

Table of Contents

Importance of Selecting the Right Project Topic

Alright, let’s talk about picking the perfect project topic—it’s like choosing the flavor of your academic journey! Here’s why it’s a big deal:

Passion Booster

Ever had to work on something you just love? That’s the magic of a project that clicks with your interests. It’s not just a task; it’s your passion on steroids!

Career Sidekick

Your project can be your secret career sidekick. Find a topic that matches your future dreams, and suddenly, you’re not just studying; you’re prepping for your dream job.

Trailblazer Vibes

Who wants to follow the crowd? The right project lets you explore new stuff, bring in fresh ideas, and basically be the superhero pioneer in your subject.

Learning Fiesta

Learning can be a party, seriously! A well-picked project is like an invite to a learning fiesta. Dive into exciting things, pick up new skills, and become a problem-solving ninja.

Resource Smarty

We all have limits, right? Picking a project that fits your resources (time, budget, tools) makes the journey less of a hassle and more of a smooth ride.

Supervisor Sidekick

Imagine having a supervisor who’s like your project superhero guide. Choose a topic in their zone of expertise, and suddenly, you’ve got a mentor to help you rock that project.

Real-World Coolness

Your project isn’t just about grades; it’s your chance to be a real-world cool cat. Whether you’re solving a real problem or making life a bit smoother, the right topic lets you be the hero.

Skills Showtime

Think of your project as your skills’ time to shine. The right topic lets you flaunt your new knowledge and talents, making you the academic rockstar everyone wants on their team.

So, there you go—picking the right project topic is like crafting an adventure that’s all about your passions and dreams. Ready to turn your project into the coolest part of your academic journey? Let’s roll!

Electrical Engineering Project Topics

Check out electrical engineering project topics:-

Power Systems

  • Smart Power Party: Making Energy Management Cooler
  • Electricity Ninja Moves: Improving Power Quality
  • Sunshine Switch: Exploring Solar and Wind Power
  • Microgrid Magic: Tiny Power Grids with Big Dreams
  • Faultbusters: Solving Mysteries in Power Systems
  • Energy GPS: Real-Time Tracking for Power Nerds
  • Voltage Vibes: Keeping it Smooth in the Power Game
  • Power Predictors: Guessing Tomorrow’s Energy Needs
  • Filter Heroes: Fixing Power Problems with Filters
  • Speedy Power Travel: HVDC Transmission Adventures

Electronics and Control Systems

  • E-Vote Extravaganza: Making Voting Techy and Fun
  • Home Wizardry: Smart Homes for Everyone!
  • Robot Rodeo: Letting Robots Take the Wheel
  • Motor Groove Master: DJ Your Motor’s Speed
  • Traffic Tango: Dance of the Smart Traffic Lights
  • Biometric Bliss: Your Fingerprint as a Superpower
  • Sound Sorcery: Your Personal Music Magician
  • Signal Sleuths: Solving Mysteries with Digital Eyes
  • Home Talker: Your Home, Your Voice!
  • Wireless Whiz: Chatting with Machines, No Strings Attached

Signal Processing and Communication

  • Pic Shrinking Party: Tiny Photos, Big Charm
  • Noise Busters: Making Speech Crystal Clear
  • Modulation Nation: Understanding Digital Chatter
  • Radar Heroes: Target Spotting Beyond Movies
  • Radio Wizards: Smart Radios in Action
  • Tune Bodyguards: Protecting Songs with Digital Spells
  • Eco-Spy: Keeping an Eye on Nature with Sensors
  • Space Chatterbox: Satellite Communication Unleashed
  • Underwater Whispers: Talking Beneath the Waves
  • Radio DIY Fun: Craft Your Own Software-Defined Radio

Electrical Machines and Drives

  • Zoom Zoom Machines: Supercharged Electric Cars
  • Sixth Sense Motors: Running Motors without Sensors
  • Motor Health Spa: Keeping Them Fit with IoT
  • Speed DJ Beats: Jamming with Motors in Style
  • Trouble Detectives: Spotting Motor Issues Early
  • Green Power Machines: Saving Energy, Saving the Planet
  • Magnet Magic: Controlling Motors without Brushes
  • Wireless Motor Hugs: Charging Cars Sans Cords
  • Brushless Brilliance: Navigating the World of Brushless Motors
  • Stepping Up Fun: Mastering Stepper Motors like a Pro

Renewable Energy Systems

  • Solar Streetlights Party: Lighting Up Nights with Sunshine
  • Wind Power Dance: Twirls and Whirls of Wind Turbines
  • Sunshine Tap: Solar Water Pumping Extravaganza
  • Shake It Up Energy: Harvesting Power with Vibrations
  • Sun Squeeze: Getting Every Drop of Solar Goodness
  • Trash to Treasure Power: Biomass Energy Fiesta
  • Power Mix Jamboree: Hybrid Systems for Renewable Bliss
  • Ocean Symphony: Tapping into the Rhythms of Tidal Energy
  • Earth’s Heat Adventure: Geothermal Energy Unveiled
  • Sunshine in a Box: Storing Solar Fun for Rainy Days

What are some good electrical engineering projects?

Here are some cool electrical engineering project ideas:

  • Create a system that turns your home into a smart paradise – control lights, thermostat, and more with just a tap on your phone.
  • Build a charging station that runs on solar power, so you can charge your gadgets while soaking up the sun.
  • Cook up an app that keeps an eye on your energy use, helping you save money and the planet.
  • Craft a door entry system that recognizes your fingerprint, making your home as secure as a secret agent’s hideout.
  • Ditch the cords! Create a way to charge your devices wirelessly – it’s like magic, but with electricity.
  • Make your own assistant that follows your every command – just like having a tech-savvy sidekick.
  • Build a drone pal that can find lost items or just cruise around capturing epic views.
  • Design a system that makes power grids super smart, so you get electricity without the hiccups.
  • Cook up a robot that understands your hand signals, turning you into the ultimate robot whisperer.
  • Create a digital DJ system for signals, tweaking and tuning them for the perfect beats.
  • Craft a weather station that talks to you, giving you the lowdown on everything from rain to sunshine.
  • Develop a supercharged electric car – it’s like the Batmobile but for eco-warriors.
  • Make a wristband that keeps tabs on your health, giving you superhero-level insights into your well-being.
  • Build a traffic light system that dances to its own silent, efficient tune, making traffic jams a thing of the past.
  • Create a box that stores sunshine for rainy days – because your gadgets deserve endless energy.

These projects are not just about circuits and wires; they’re about making cool stuff that makes life better. Pick one, dive in, and let the magic begin!

What are some projects electrical engineers do?

  • Imagine creating the ultimate power system that keeps everything running smoothly – like the MVP of electricity.
  • Picture making machines do the heavy lifting, from assembly lines to robots that follow your lead.
  • Dive into the world of cool gadgets, designing everything from gaming consoles to the tech behind your favorite devices.
  • Turn electronic vibes into something awesome by diving into signal processing – it’s like being a DJ for technology.
  • Join the quest to make energy greener by crafting solar panels, wind turbines, and superhero-worthy energy storage.
  • Be part of the revolution by designing electric cars that zoom without a drop of gas – the superheroes of the road.
  • Create systems that let your devices chat seamlessly – whether it’s sending messages or streaming videos.
  • Imagine making robots follow your every command with just a flick of your engineering wand.
  • Contribute to healthcare tech, designing life-saving devices and futuristic diagnostic tools.
  • Be the brains behind the Internet of Things, connecting devices and making your home as smart as you want.
  • Dive into the tech behind electric vehicles – design motors, batteries, and chargers that make them go vroom.
  • Use the magic of computer software to create and test electrical wonders before they exist in the real world.
  • Keep everyone safe from electrical hazards by designing foolproof safety systems for homes and industries.
  • Picture yourself crafting the next must-have gadget, from the newest smartphone to wearables that make life a breeze.
  • Embark on a journey of discovery through research, pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in electrical engineering.

These projects are like jumping into the shoes of a tech superhero – solving problems, creating wonders, and making the world a cooler place. Ready to pick your favorite adventure?

What are the latest research topics in electrical engineering?

Ready for an electrifying journey into the coolest research happening in electrical engineering? Hold on tight because we’re diving into the most mind-blowing areas where tech and innovation collide:

AI & ML Power Duo

Picture electrical engineers teaming up with AI and ML – it’s like having tech superheroes fine-tuning power grids, revolutionizing renewable energy, and giving electric vehicles a brain boost. Think of it as a power-packed alliance for the electric world!

Cool Cousins: Wide Bandgap Semiconductors:

Move over, old-school silicon! Meet its cool cousin, wide bandgap semiconductors. They promise higher efficiency and power density – imagine trading in your old bike for a sleek, high-speed electric scooter. It’s tech upgrade time!

Quantum Computing Magic

Quantum computing is rewriting the rules, diving into the world of quantum mechanics . Electrical engineers are on a quest to use it for everything from supercharging renewable energy to unlocking the secrets of materials. It’s like bringing a lightsaber to a tech duel!

Terahertz Electronics: Beyond the Visible:

Ever thought about the world beyond what you can see? Terahertz electronics is the cool exploration into that territory. Think mind-blowing security screening, futuristic medical imaging, and communication at lightning speed. It’s like living in a sci-fi adventure!

Energy Storage Heroes

Meet the unsung heroes of the clean energy scene – energy storage researchers. They’re on a mission to make batteries supercharged, affordable, and as strong as a superhero’s shield. Get ready for a clean energy power-up!

Smart Grids: Where Power Meets Brainpower

Say hi to smart grids – the brainy heroes of power grids. Imagine smart meters, grid-scale energy storage that plans ahead, and distributed energy resources working together like a superhero team. It’s like turning regular power grids into genius grids!

Electric Wave Riders

The electric vehicle revolution is here, and electrical engineers are the masterminds behind it. Better batteries, more efficient motors, and genius charging infrastructure – it’s like taking a joy ride into the future. Buckle up for an electric wave!

These are just the tip of the electrical engineering iceberg. It’s a playground of innovation where electrical engineers are fearless explorers, turning obstacles into opportunities. Get ready for a thrilling ride into the future of electrical engineering!

What is electrical engineering topics?

Check out electrical engineering topics:-

  • Ever played detective with electricity? Check out how circuits work, meet the gang of resistors and capacitors – it’s like solving cool mysteries.
  • Imagine being the boss of gadgets! Learn the basics of electronic circuits, mess around with semiconductors, and find out how amps and digital stuff do their thing.
  • Dive into stories about signals and systems – it’s like your favorite bedtime story, but for tech. See how signals chat and systems team up to make the tech world spin.
  • Wanna join a digital dance party? Learn the moves of the number dance and create some awesome beats in music and pictures.
  • Picture going on an adventure in the land of electrical power. Explore how power is made, sent around, and shared – it’s like discovering the real superheroes of electricity.
  • Go on a quest for renewable energy treasures! Use the power of the sun, wind, and water to make energy that’s good for the planet.
  • Play around with tech control like it’s playtime. Control robots, make things move on their own – feel like a superhero in the world of tech.
  • Imagine a magic show, but for communication! Watch tricks that keep us all connected – it’s like having a backstage pass to a tech magic extravaganza.
  • Play in the electromagnetic playground. Mess around with invisible fields, discover the wonders of antennas – it’s like being in a tech wonderland.
  • Join the carnival of power electronics. Ride the electrical rollercoaster, control motors like a pro, and see the magic behind electric vehicles.
  • Go on a tiny adventure with computers! Explore microcontrollers, chat in their language, and use them to create mini-tech wonders.
  • Embark on an expedition with robots and control stuff. Control robots, guide them through challenges – it’s like being the captain of your tech crew.
  • Step right up to the instrumentation fun fair. Play games with measurement tools, become a master of precision – it’s like having a fun day in the world of science.
  • Join a quest through computer networks. Navigate through the digital seas, guard against digital monsters – it’s like being a tech explorer.
  • Have a picnic in the world of microelectronics. Shrink down, play with tiny circuits – it’s like having a chill day in a small-scale tech wonderland.

Think of these topics as your guide to a super laid-back journey in the world of electrical engineering. Ready for the tech adventure?

Hey future tech champs! Let’s chat about these electrical engineering projects – they’re like your backstage pass to the coolest tech party in town. Forget the snoozefest; we’re diving into a world where you’re not just studying; you’re cooking up the future!

Imagine creating your own tech gadgets, tapping into the superhero vibes of renewable energy, or even building your robot sidekick. Sounds like a dream, right? Well, get ready because your upcoming projects are the VIP ticket to this tech adventure.

As an electrical engineering student, it’s not about acing exams; it’s about becoming the tech wizard everyone talks about. You’re not just fixing problems; you’re crafting a future where tech isn’t just smart – it’s jaw-droppingly awesome.

So, gear up for this tech rollercoaster. It’s not about grades; it’s about becoming the maestro who turns the tech world into a symphony of awesomeness. Ready to rock? Let’s make sparks fly!

Frequently Asked Questions

Are interdisciplinary projects in electrical engineering beneficial.

Interdisciplinary projects can be highly beneficial as they allow you to explore the intersection of electrical engineering with other fields, creating opportunities for innovation and problem-solving.

What are some hot topics in electrical engineering for research?

Hot topics in electrical engineering include renewable energy systems, IoT applications, and nanotechnology applications. These areas offer great potential for research and innovation.

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September 12, 2024

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Understudied protein blobs have global effects on cell biochemistry

by Duke University

Understudied protein blobs have global effects on cell biochemistry

Most biological chemistry research has historically focused on the obvious cogs of machinery that keep life moving. Folding proteins, genetic activity and electrical signaling pathways are the easiest targets for finding irregularities that lead to disease.

Recent research, however, has pointed to a different type of cellular structure that may play an equally important role. Called biological condensates, these structures exist because of differences in density, like oil droplets floating in water, and form compartments inside of cells without needing the physical boundary of a membrane .

Previous studies have shown that these blobs can separate or trap together certain proteins and molecules, either hindering or promoting their activity . They have also revealed that these structures provide an alternative energy source that might power some aspects of biological chemistry.

These results, however, have focused on impacts created in the immediate vicinity of the condensates themselves. Researchers had not yet identified ways in which they might affect biochemistry far from their physical structures.

Now, in a new study published September 10 in the journal Cell , researchers from Duke University and the Washington University in St. Louis have shown that the formation of biological condensates affects cellular activity far beyond their immediate vicinity.

The results show that they may be a previously missing mechanism by which cells modulate their internal electrochemistry. And those internal controls, in turn, affect the cellular membrane, which allows these unassuming blobs to affect global traits and outcomes such as resistance to antibiotics.

"Our research shows that condensates influence cells well beyond direct physical contact, almost like they have a wireless connection to how cells interact with the environment," said Lingchong You, the James L. Meriam Distinguished Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Duke.

"Beyond demonstrating the electrical mechanisms behind this connection, we've proven that condensate formation can make cells more tolerant to certain types of antibiotics and more susceptible to others."

"This is likely just the tip of the iceberg," added Ashutosh Chilkoti, the Alan L. Kaganov Distinguished Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Duke. "We expect that these electric potential effects express themselves in a wide variety of ways through cellular behaviors."

Condensates act sort of like a sponge, soaking up various proteins, enzymes, ions and other biomolecules when they form, while excluding others. And if they trap enough ions in their compartment to become positively or negatively charged, that imbalance must be reflected in the cellular environment around them.

This electrostatic activity provides a handle for the formation of biological condensates to affect the electrical potential of the cellular membrane and the electrochemical environment within the cell. And because these environmental factors are crucial to many biological processes , it provides a mechanism for these unassuming blobs to directly affect how cells interact with the world around them.

"Even a tiny number of these condensates centrally distributed well away from the cell membrane can create a chain reaction that can change this global property," explained Yifan Dai, an assistant professor of biomedical engineering and a member of the Center for Biomolecular Condensates at Washington University in St. Louis, who conducted the research as a postdoctoral researcher at Duke.

"This paper shows there is no escape from these effects. As long as these tiny blobs form, many things are influenced, even gene regulation in a global scale. When I saw that, it was quite shocking to me."

To prove this point, the researchers worked to show that this phenomenon can affect how well bacteria survive interactions with certain antibiotics. The researchers caused colonies of E. coli bacteria to form internal condensates either by stressing them in just the right way or by manipulating the gene expression of the condensate-forming proteins. They then tested the resulting electrical charge in their cellular membranes and exposed them to antibiotics.

The results showed that condensate formation caused some cellular membranes to become more negatively charged, which directly affected whether or not the cells reacted to the antibiotics, since they are also charged particles. But this is just the beginning of this line of research, the researchers say, as many biochemical processes depend on the electric potential held within the cellular membrane.

"Our work uncovers a role of condensates in regulating global cellular physiology," You said. "While we don't yet have a concrete mechanistic understanding of how cells are deploying this activity to regulate their functionality, it's a major discovery that it's happening at all."

Journal information: Cell

Provided by Duke University

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