prague school of linguistics presentation

Prague Linguistic Circle

The Prague Linguistic Circle (French: Cercle linguistique de Prague ; Czech: Pražský lingvistický kroužek ) or Prague school was an influential group of literary critics and linguists who came together in Prague with the common desire to create a new approach to linguistics. The most well-known period of the Circle is between 1926, its official launch, and the beginning of World War II , the time when Prague offered hope of freedom and democracy for artists and scholars in Central Europe. Their spirit of collective activity, vision of a synthesis of knowledge, and emphasis on a socially defined commitment to scholarship defined and motivated the Prague Circle.

• 2.1 Vilém Mathesius
• 2.2 Roman Jakobson
• 2.3 Nikolai Trubetzkoy
• 2.4 René Wellek
• 2.5 Jan Mukařovský
• 3 Key concepts
• 4 Publications
• 5 The Prague School today
• 6 References
• 7 External links

Along with its first president, Vilém Mathesius , they included Russian émigrés such as Roman Jakobson , Nikolai Trubetzkoy , and Sergei Karcevsky, as well as the famous Czech literary scholars René Wellek and Jan Mukařovský. Their work constituted a radical departure from the classical structural position of Ferdinand de Saussure . They suggested that their methods of studying the function of speech sounds could be applied both synchronically, to a language as it exists, and diachronically, to a language as it changes. The functionality of elements of language and the importance of its social function were key aspects of its research program. They developed methods of structuralist literary analysis during the years 1928–1939. After the war, the Circle no longer functioned as a meeting of linguists, but the Prague School continued as a major force in linguistic functionalism (distinct from the Copenhagen school or English linguists following the work of J. R. Firth and later Michael Halliday). It has had significant continuing influence on linguistics and semiotics .

A diverse group of Czech, Russian, Ukrainian, and German scholars in the mid-1920s found themselves together in Prague , Czechoslovakia —the "isles of freedom and democracy in Central Europe" (Doubravová 1999). They came together with the common desire to create a new approach to linguistics. Their collaboration was the foundation of the Prague Linguistic Circle.

In 1920, Roman Jakobson moved from Moscow to Prague to continue his doctoral studies. There he met Vilem Mathesius and other Czech and Russian linguists, including his colleague, Nikolai Trubetzkoy . Also among them was Sergei Kartsevsky, a professor of Russian at Geneva University who introduced the work of influential Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure to Prague. These linguists were soon joined by others including Jan Mukarovsky. They decided to establish a discussion group and, on October 26, 1926, following a lecture by Henrik Becker entitled Der europaische Sprachgeist , the Prague Linguistic Circle held its first official meeting (Doubravová 1999).

Their meetings began irregularly, but soon developed into a consistent schedule of lectures and discussions. Their first public presentations were in 1929 at the First International Congress of Slavicists held in Prague, published in the first volume of the series Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Prague . Later lectures included presentations by such scholars as Edmund Husserl and Rudolf Carnap . Altogether, the Circle members included eight Czech, five Russian, two French, and one German, with one Englishman who was teaching at the University of Brno loosely connected (Doubravová 1999).

The Circle concerned itself not only with linguistics but also with aesthetics , literary theory, ethnography , and musicology. In 1935 they began publication of a magazine entitled Le mot et l'art du mot (Word and Art of the Word) .

The ideal of collective activity, the vision of a synthesis of knowledge, and an emphasis on a socially defined commitment to scholarship which were part of "the spirit of the age" became the foundation of the Prague Circle's program (Toman 1995). Their continued presentations at conferences and publications made it one of the most influential schools of linguistic thought of the twentieth century.

However, the occupation of Czechoslovakia was almost the death of the Circle: Jakobson emigrated to the United States , Trubetskoy died in 1942, and Malthesius died in 1945.

Prominent members

The Prague Linguistic Circle included Russian émigrés such as Roman Jakobson , Nikolai Trubetzkoy , and Sergei Karcevsky, as well as the famous Czech literary scholars René Wellek and Jan Mukařovský. The instigator of the Circle and its first president was the eminent Czech linguist Vilém Mathesius (president of PLC until his death in 1945).

Vilém Mathesius

Vilém Mathesius (August 3, 1882 – April 12, 1945) was a Czech linguist, who lived and worked in Prague during the early part of the twentieth century, when the city, and indeed the nation of Czechoslovakia , functioned as a haven for intellectuals in Central Europe. His early work pioneered the synthesis of the synchronic approach to studying a language as it exists at one point in time, and the diachronic approach studying the history and development of a language over time. In this way, Mathesius was able to maintain the importance of function in communication , and was not limited to Ferdinand de Saussure 's static structural model of language.

In 1920, Mathesius met Roman Jakobson and other Russian émigrés and came into contact with a different tradition. Together with other linguists including Jakobson and Nikolai Trubetzkoy , Mathesius developed "topical structure analysis" as a method of studying the semantic relationships between sentence topics and the overall topic of the discourse. In this way Mathesius' work maintained a dynamic, or interactive, component, as the listener or reader is in a continuous relationship with the text, interpreting each individual sentence or unit in the context of the whole discourse.

René Wellek

René Wellek (August 22, 1903 – November 10, 1995) was a Czech - American comparative literary critic. Wellek, along with Erich Auerbach , is remembered as an eminent product of the Central European philological tradition. He studied literature at the Charles University in Prague, and was active among the Prague School linguists, before moving to teach in the School of Slavonic and East European Studies in 1935, later part of University College, London.

Jan Mukařovský

Jan Mukařovský (November 11, 1891 – February 8, 1975) was a Czech literary theoretician and aesthetician . During his time as professor at the Charles University of Prague he became well known for his association with early structuralism as well as with the Prague Linguistic Circle, and for his development of the ideas of Russian formalism. Mukařovský had a profound influence on structuralist theory of literature comparable to that of Roman Jakobson .

Key concepts

The basic approach to the study of linguistics of the Prague Circle sees language as a synchronic and dynamic system. The functionality of elements of language and the importance of its social function have been key aspects of its research program.

In 1928, the Prague Linguistic Circle group of Jakobson, Mathesius, Trubetzkoy, and Kartsevsky announced a radical departure from the classical structural position of Ferdinand de Saussure . They suggested that their methods of studying the function of speech sounds could be applied both synchronically, to a language as it exists, and diachronically, to a language as it changes.

The Prague School stresses the function of elements within language, their contrast to one another, and the system formed by these elements. They developed distinctive feature analysis, by which each sound is regarded as composed of contrasting articulatory and acoustic features, with sounds perceived as different having at least one contrasting feature.

While they were known for their identification of the "distinctive features" of language, these theorists also explored culture and aesthetics . In fact, Jakobson considered language to be a means of the expression and development of culture.

Thus, the general approach of the Prague school can be described as a combination of functionalism—every component of a language, such as phoneme , morpheme, word , sentence, exists to fulfill a particular function—and structuralism —the context not just the components is what is important. In addition, synchronic and diachronic approaches are seen as interconnected and influencing each other. They regard language as a system of subsystems, each of which has its own problems but these are never isolated since they are part of a larger whole. As such, a language is never in a state of equilibrium, but rather has many deviations. It is these deviations that allow the language to develop and function as a living system (Doubravová 1999).

Publications

The group's work before World War II was published in the Travaux Linguistiques and its theses outlined in a collective contribution to the World's Congress of Slavists. The Travaux were briefly resurrected in the 1960s with a special issue on the concept of center and periphery and published again by John Benjamins Publishing Company. American scholar Dell Hymes cited his 1962 paper, "The Ethnography of Speaking," as the formal introduction of Prague functionalism to American linguistic anthropology. English translations of the Circle's seminal works were published by the Czech linguist Josef Vachek in several collections. Many individual publications by members of the Circle also present the school's contributions to linguistics.

The Prague School today

Since 1989 under the leadership of Oldřich Leška, the Prague School's activity was renewed, resulting in the publication of the new Travaux in 1995 and a successful conference on 70 Years of PLC in 1996 which also commemorated the 100th anniversary of Roman Jakobson's birthday.

In addition, Prague has become the site of many conferences on linguistics, in particular those organized by the Institute for Applied and Formal Linguistics (UFAL) at Charles University. Eva Hajicova, the director of UFAL, also became co-editor of the Cicle's Travaux .

The Circle, profoundly influential in the earlier part of the twentieth century, still has much to offer. With the freedom experienced in much of Europe at the end of the twentieth century came new opportunities for publication which confirmed that

”the traditions of cooperation, especially those in Central Europe, had not died out. Remaining hidden for the forty years of adversity they are still alive and under the new conditions they may obviously be able to make in their field an important contribution to the unification of Europe” (Doubravová 1999).

References ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

• Doubravová, Jarmila. 1999. The ‘Cercle Linguistique de Prague’ and the ‘Wiener Kreis’ Center for Theoretical Study (CTS), the Institute for Advanced Studies, Charles University, Prague. Retrieved October 29, 2008.
• Fried, Vilem. 1972. Prague School of Linguistics and Language Teaching . Oxford University Press. ISBN 0194370488
• Hajicova, Eva, and Petr Sgall (eds.). 1995. Prague Linguistics Circle Papers: Travaux Du Cercle Linguistique De Prague N.S. Volume 1 , John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1556196744
• ———. 1996. Prague Linguistics Circle Papers: Travaux Du Cercle Linguistique De Prague N.S. Volume 2 , John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1556196737
• ———. 1999. Prague Linguistics Circle Papers: Travaux Du Cercle Linguistique De Prague N.S. Volume 3 , John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1556196720
• ———. 2002. Prague Linguistics Circle Papers: Travaux Du Cercle Linguistique De Prague N.S. Volume 4 , John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1588111753
• Hymes, Dell. 1962. Prague Functionalism. American Anthropologist 82(2): 398.
• Nekula, M. 2003. Prague Structuralism: Methodological Fundamentals . Heidelberg: Winter Publications. ISBN 3825314863
• Steiner, Peter. (ed.). 1982. The Prague School: Selected Writings, 1929-1946 . University of Texas Press. ISBN 0292780435
• Toman, Jindrich. 1995. The Magic of a Common Language: Jakobson, Mathesius, Trubetzkoy, and the Prague Linguistic Circle . Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. ISBN 0262200961
• Vachek, Josef. 1996. The Lingustic School of Prague . Indiana University Press. ISBN 0253334551
• ———. 1964. A Prague School Reader in Linguistics . Indiana University Press.

External links

All links retrieved November 30, 2022.

• The Vilem Mathesius Center for Research and Education in Semiotics and Linguistics Charles University.

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Prague school

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• Fu Jen Catholic University - Prague School Phonology

Prague school , school of linguistic thought and analysis established in Prague in the 1920s by Vilém Mathesius . It included among its most prominent members the Russian linguist Nikolay Trubetskoy and the Russian-born American linguist Roman Jakobson ; the school was most active during the 1920s and ’30s. Linguists of the Prague school stress the function of elements within language , the contrast of language elements to one another, and the total pattern or system formed by these contrasts, and they have distinguished themselves in the study of sound systems. They developed distinctive-feature analysis of sounds; by this analysis, each distinctive sound in a language is seen as composed of a number of contrasting articulatory and acoustic features, and any two sounds of a language that are perceived as being distinct will have at least one feature contrast in their compositions . The concept of distinctive-feature analysis in studying the sound systems of languages has been incorporated within the standard model of transformational grammar .

The Prague school is also renowned for its interest in the application of functionalism—the study of how elements of a language accomplish cognition, expression, and conation—to syntax and the structure of literary texts.

Prague school

The Prague school , or Prague linguistic circle [Pražský linguistický kroužek], was an influential group of literary critics and linguists in Prague and Brno. Its proponents developed methods of structuralist literary analysis and a theory of the standard language and of language cultivation during the years 1926–1939.

• 1.1 1929 Theses
• 1.3 Journal
• 1.4 Anthologies
• 1.5 Monographs by individual members
• 2 Correspondence
• 3.1 General
• 3.2 On Prague school, aesthetics and avant-garde
• 3.3 On Prague school and phenomenology

In 1928 the Circle promulgated its theses in a paper presented to the First International Congress of Linguists in The Hague, the following year expanded for the First International Congress of Slavists. Also in 1929, the group launched a book series, Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Prague . The banner of 'L'école de Prague' has been adopted at the First International Congress of Phonetic Sciences in Amsterdam in 1932.

Among its major contributions to linguistics is the consistent emphasis on the complementarity of synchronic and diachronic methods in language analysis (cf. section 1b in Theses ), the establishment of phonology as an individual field (distinguished from phonetics; see Trubetzkoy 1939), and the theorization of poetic function as one of the key functions of language.

The members included Vilém Mathesius, Roman Jakobson , Nikolai Trubetzkoy, Sergey Karchevskiy, Bohumil Trnka, Bohuslav Havránek, Petr Bogatyrev, Jan Mukařovský, René Wellek, Vladimír Skalička, Eugen Pauliny, Pavel Trost, Bedřich Václavek, and others.

After a brief revival in the second half of the 1960s (see TCLP , 1964-71), the Circle has been restored in 1990 by Miroslav Červenka and Oldřich Leška.

Works [ edit ]

1929 Theses [ edit ]

• "Problémy zkoumání literatury a jazyka", in Jakobson, Poetická funkce , ed. Miroslav Červenka, Jinočany: H&H, 1995, pp 34-36.
• "Thèses présentées au Premier Congrès des philologues slaves" , trans. Louis Bruno, Travaux du Cercle linguistique de Prague 1 (1929), pp 5-29; repr. in Prague School Reader in Linguistics , ed. Vachek, 1964, pp 33-58. (French)
• "Tezisy Pražskogo lingvističeskogo kružka", in Pražskij lingvističeskij kružok: Sbornik statej , ed. N. A. Kondrašov, Moscow: Progress, 1967, pp 17-41. Partial translation was published in Istorija jazykoznanija XIX i XX vekov , ed. V.A. Zvegincev, Moscow, 1964, pp 123-140. (Russian)
• Il circolo linguistico di Praga, Le tesi del' 29 , Milan: Silva, 1966. (Italian)
• El círculo lingüístico de Praga: Tesis de 1929 , trans. Maria Ines Chamorro, Madrid: Alberto Corazon, 1970. (Spanish)
• "Methodische Probleme, die aus der Konzeption der Sprache als System erwachsen, und die Wichtigkeit dieser Konzeption für die slawischen Sprachen", in Der modeme Strukturbegriff , ed. H. Naumann, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1973, pp 16-45. (German)
• "Manifesto Presented to the First Congress of Slavic Philologists in Prague", trans. Marta K. Johnson, in Recycling the Prague Linguistic Circle , ed. Marta K. Johnson, Ann Arbor, MI: Karoma, 1978, pp 1-31. (English)
• "Theses Presented to the First Congress of Slavic Philologists in Prague, 1929", trans. Josef Vachek, in Praguiana , eds. Vachek and Dušková, 1983, pp 77-120; repr. in The Prague School: Selected Writings, 1929—1946 , ed. Steiner, 1983, pp 3-31. [2] (English)

Series [ edit ]

• 1, Mélanges linguistiques dédiés au premier Congrès des philologues slaves , 1929; repr., Nendeln: Kraus, 1979.
• 2, Jakobson, Remarques sur l'évolution phonologique du russe comparée à celle des autres langues slaves , 1929, 118 pp. (French)
• 3, Trnka, On the syntax of the English verb from Caxton to Dryden , 1930. (English)
• 4, Réunion phonologique internationale tenue a Prague (18-21/XII 1930) , 1931, 326 pp. (German) / (French) / (English)
• 5, Description phonologique du russe moderne . II. Nikolaj Sergeevič Trubeckoj (Trubetzkoy): "Das morphonologische System der russischen Sprache", 1934. (German)
• 6, Études dédiées au quatrième Congrès de linguistes , 1936.
• 7, Trubetzkoy, Grundzüge der Phonologie , 1939, 271 pp, Gallica . (German)
• 8, Études phonologiques dédiées à la mémoire de M.le Prince N.S. Trubetzkoy , 1939.
• 1, L’École de Prague d’aujourd’hui , 1964. Review: Grepl (Naše řeč, CZ).
• 2, Les problèmes du centre et de la périphérie du système de la langue , 1966.

Journal [ edit ]

• Essays: Mathesius (22), Jakobson (13), Trubetzkoy (5), Havránek (77), Trnka (34).

Anthologies [ edit ]

• Masaryk a řeč , Prague: Pražský linguistický kroužek, 1931, 47 pp. Two essays, by Mukařovský and Jakobson. Review: Hodura (Naše řeč).
• Bohuslav Havránek, Miloš Weingart (eds.), Spisovná čeština a jazyková kultura , Prague: Melantrich, 1932, 257 pp. Essays by Mathesius, Havránek, Jakobson, Mukařovský and Weingart. Review: Haller (Naše řeč).
• Jan Mukařovský (ed.), Torso a tajemství Máchova díla. Sborník pojednání Pražského linguistického kroužku , Prague: Fr.Borový, 1938.
• Vilém Mathesius, "Řeč a sloh", 1942, pp 13-102; repr. in Mathesius, Jazyk, kultura a slovesnost , 1982, pp 92-146.
• Josef Vachek (ed.), A Prague School Reader in Linguistics , Indiana University Press, 1964, 485 pp. (English)
• Paul Garvin (ed.), A Prague School Reader on Esthetics, Literary Structure, and Style , Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1964, 163 pp. Review: Wellek (Language). (English)
• Josef Vachek (ed.), U základů pražské jazykovědné školy , Prague: Academia, 1970.
• Ladislav Matejka, Irwin R. Titunik (eds.), Semiotics of Art: Prague School Contributions , MIT Press, 1976, 298 pp; 1984, 320 pp. Anthology of 21 essays published in 1933-73. Review: Pynsent (SEER). (English)
• Marta K. Johnson (ed.), Recycling the Prague Linguistic Circle , trans. & intro. Marta K. Johnson, Ann Arbor, MI: Karoma, 1978, 85 pp. (English)
• Peter Steiner (ed.), The Prague School: Selected Writings 1929-1946 , University of Texas Press, 1982, 219 pp; repr. , University of Texas Press, 2014. Review: Reeves (Poetics Today). (English)
• Josef Vachek, Libuše Dušková (eds.), Praguiana: Some Basic and Less Known Aspects of The Prague Linguistic School , Prague: Československá akademie věd, 1983, 321 pp. (English)
• Philip A. Luelsdorff, Jarmila Panevová, Petr Sgall (eds.), Praguiana 1945–1990 , John Benjamins, 1994, x+250 pp. Collection of more recent writings. Publisher . (English)
• Philip A. Luelsdorff (ed.), The Prague School of Structural and Functional Linguistics , John Benjamins, 1994, 385 pp. Collection of more recent writings. [3] (English)
• Eva Hajičová, et al. (eds.), Prague Linguistic Circle Papers , 4 vols., Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1995-2002, PDF/v.4 . Publisher . (English)

Monographs by individual members [ edit ]

• Vilém Mathesius, Dějiny literatury anglické , 2 vols., 1910-15.
• Vilém Mathesius, O potenciálnosti jevů jazykových , 1911.
• Vilém Mathesius, W. Shakespeare , 1916.
• Vilém Mathesius, English Literature and the Czecho-Slovaks , 1920. (English)
• Jan Mukařovský, Příspěvek k estetice českého verše , Prague: Charles University, 1923, 63 pp.
• Vilém Mathesius, Kulturní aktivismus: anglické paralely k českému životu , Gustav Voleský, 1925, 94 pp.
• Bohuslav Havránek, Genera verbi ve slovanských jazycích , 2 vols., Prague: Královská česká společnost nauk, 1928 and 1937.
• Vilém Mathesius, Charisteria G. Mathesio quinquagenario a et discipulis Circuli linguistici Pragensis sodalibus oblata , Prague, 1932; 1979, 147 pp.
• Jan Mukařovský, Máchův Máj. Estetická studie , Prague, 1928; repr. in Mukařovský, Kapitoly z české poetiky III , 1948, pp 9-202. First two chapters previously published in Sociální problémy 4 (1935). Review: Hodura (Naše řeč).
• Aesthetic Function, Norm and Value as Social Facts , trans. Mark E. Suino, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1970, 102 pp. (English)
• La funzione, la norma e il valore estetico come fatti sociali , ed. & trans. S. Corduas, Torino, 1971. (Italian)

• Vilém Mathesius, Nebojte se angličtiny! , 1936.
• Nikolaï Troubetzkoï, Principes de phonologie , trans. Jean Cantineau, intro. Andre Martinet, Paris: Klincksieck, 1949, 397 pp, IA . (French)
• Nikolai Trubetzkoy, Principles of Phonology , trans. Christiane A.M. Baltaxe, University of California Press, 1969. (English)
• Kapitel aus der Poetik , ed. & trans. W. Schamschula, Frankfurt am Main, 1967. (German)
• Jan Mukařovský, Dialektické rozpory v modernom umení , Bratislava, 1942. (Slovak)
• Vilém Mathesius, Možnosti, které čekají , 1945.
• Vilém Mathesius, Čeština a obecný jazykozpyt , Prague: Melantrich, 1947. Collected essays.
• Kapitel aus der Ästhetik , ed. & trans. W. Schamschula, Frankfurt am Main, 1970. (German)
• Studii de estetică , ed. & trans. C. Barboricã, Bucharest, 1974, 465 pp. (Romanian)
• Escritos de estética y semiótica del arte , ed. Jordi Llovet, trans. A. Anthony-Víšová, Barcelona: Gustavo Gili, 1977. Selected essays. (Spanish)
• Estetske razprave , ed. & trans. F. Jerman, Ljubljana, 1978. (Slovenian)
• Escritos sobre Estética e Semiótica da Arte , trans. Manuel Ruas, Lisbon: Estampa, 1988, 341 pp. (Portuguese)
• Studien zur strukturalischen Ästhetik und Poetik , ed. & trans. H. Grönebaum and G. Riff, Munich, 1974. (German)
• Jan Mukařovský, Arte y semiología , ed. & intro. Simon Marchan Fiz, trans. I. P. Hloznik & Simon Marchan Fiz, Madrid: Alberto Corazon, 1971, 73 pp. (Spanish)
• Jan Mukařovský, The Word and Verbal Art , eds. & trans. John Burbank and Peter Steiner, forew. René Wellek, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1977. (English)
• Jan Mukařovský, Structure, Sign and Function: Selected Essays , eds. & trans. John Burbank and Peter Steiner, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1978. (English)
• Vilém Mathesius, Jazyk, kultura a slovesnost , ed. Josef Vachek, Prague: Odeon, 1982.
• Bohumil Trnka, Selected Papers in Structural Linguistics: Contributions to English and General Linguistics Written in the Years 1928-1978 , ed. V. Fried, Berlin, New York and Amsterdam: Mouton, 1982. (English)
• Bohumil Trnka, Kapitoly z funkční lingvistiky: Studies in functional linguistics , 1990.
• Jan Mukařovský, Signo, funcion y valor: estética y semiótica del arte , eds., intro. & trans. Jarmila Jandová and Emil Volek, Bogota: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2000. (Spanish)
• Jan Mukařovský, Studie I. , eds. Miroslav Červenka and Milan Jankovič, Brno: Host, 2000/2001, 556 pp. Collected essays. Review: Pelikán (Aluze).
• Jan Mukařovský, Studie II. , eds. Miroslav Červenka and Milan Jankovič, Brno: Host, 2007, 600 pp. Collected essays. Review: Pelikán (Aluze).
• Jan Mukařovský, Umělecké dílo jako znak: Z univerzitních přednášek 1936–1939 , eds. Marie Havránková and Milan Jankovič, Prague: Ústav pro českou literaturu AV, 2008, 140 pp. Three previously unpublished lectures, and two unfinished essays.
• Vilém Mathesius, Paměti a jiné rukopisy , ed. Josef Hladký, Prague: Karolinum, 2009, 394 pp.
• Jan Mukařovský, Estetické přednášky I , eds. Marie Havránková and Milan Jankovič, Prague: Ústav pro českou literaturu AV, 2010. Two previously unpublished lectures, Estetické studie z moderní české lyriky [1928-29] and Sociologie básnictví [1934-35]. [4]
• Bibliography

Correspondence [ edit ]

• Letters and Other Materials from the Moscow and Prague Linguistic Circles, 1912-1945 , ed. Jindřich Toman, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1994, 259 pp. (English)
• Quadrilog. Korespondence Bohuslava Havránka a Romana Jakobsona , eds. Marie Havránková and Jindřich Toman, Prague: Karolinum, 2001.
• Pražský lingvistický kroužek v korespondenci: Bohuslav Havránek, Roman Jakobson, Vilém Mathesius, Jan Mukařovský, Bohumil Trnka, Miloš Weingart. Korespondence z let 1923-1974 , ed. Marie Havránková, Prague: Academia, 2008, 448 pp. [5] Review: Olšáková (2012).

Literature [ edit ]

General [ edit ].

• "Ten Years of the Prague Linguistic Circle", in Vachek, The Linguistics School of Prague , 1966, pp 137-151. (English)
• Jan Mukařovský, "Strukturalismus v estetice a ve vědě o literatuře", in Ottův slovník naučný nové doby 1:6 (1939-40), pp 452ff; repr. in Mukařovský, Kapitoly z české poetiky I , 2nd ed., 1948, pp 13-28, PDF ; repr., exp., in Mukařovský, Studie I , Brno: Host, 2000, pp 9-25.
• Russian trans., Moscow, 1964.
• Dictionary of the Prague School of Linguistics , ed. Libuše Dušková, trans. Aleš Klégr, et al., Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2003, PDF . [6] (English)
• Josef Vachek, The Linguistics School of Prague: An Introduction to Its Theory and Practice , Indiana University Press, 1966. Lectures given in 1964 in the US. (English) Review: Hlavsa (1966).
• Vilém Fried (ed.), The Prague School of Linguistics and Language Teaching , Oxford University Press, 1972, 242 pp. (English)
• Ladislav Matejka (ed.), Sound, Sign and Meaning: Quinquagenary of the Prague Linguistic Circle , Ann Arbor: Michigan Slavic Publications, 1976, 622 pp, Preface PDF . (English) Review: Garvin (1978).
• Miroslav Renský, "Roman Jakobson and the Prague School", in Roman Jakobson: Echoes of his Scholarship , eds. Daniel Armstrong and C.H. van Schooneveld, Lisse: Peter de Ridder, 1977, pp 379-389. (English)
• Květoslav Chvatík, Tschechoslowakischer Strukturalismus. Theorie und Geschichte , trans. Vlado Müller, Munich: Fink, 1981, JPG, PDF . (German)
• F.W. Galan, Historic Structures: The Prague School Project, 1928-1946 , 1985, 250 pp. (English) Review: Sprinker (1985).
• Michael Quinn, The Semiotic Stage: Prague School Theatre Theory , Stanford University, 1987, 164 pp; Peter Lang, 1995, 166 pp. (English)
• Yishai Tobin (ed.), The Prague School and Its Legacy: In Linguistics, Literature, Semiotics, Folklore, and the Arts , John Benjamins, 1988, 317 pp. (English)

• Jurij Striedter, Literary Structure, Evolution, and Value. Russian Formalism and Czech Structuralism Reconsidered , Harvard University Press, 1989. (English)
• Ján Bakoš, "Der tschecho-slowakischer Strukturalismus und Kunstgeschichtschreibung", Zeitschrift für Ästhetik und allgemeine Kunstwissenschaft 36, 1991, pp 63-66. (German)
• Thomas G. Winner, "Prague Structuralism and Semiotics: Western Neglect and Resulting Fallacies", Opera Slavica 2:3 (1992), pp 6-16, PDF . (English)
• Cahiers de l'ILSL 5: "L'Ecole de Prague: l'apport épistémologique", eds. Mortéza Mahmoudian and Patrick Seriot, Lausanne: Universite de Lausanne, 1994, 286 pp, PDF . (French)
• Jacqueline Fontaine, "Le Cercle linguistique de Prague au carrefour des cultures", Revue germanique internationale 1 (1994), pp 183-192, HTML . (French)
• Jindřich Toman, "Rétorika modernismu: Pražský lingvistický kroužek v kontextu dobových ideálů vědy a společnosti", Kritický sborník 1 (1994), pp 25-31.
• Příběh jednoho moderního projektu. Pražský lingvistický kroužek, 1926-1948 , trans. Vladimír Petkevič, Prague: Karolinum, 2011, 348 pp. [7]
• Zdeněk Starý, Ve jménu funkce a intervence , Prague: Karolinum, 1995.
• Roman Jakobson: Prague School Linguistics , ed. Eva Hajičová, et al., Prague: Charles University, 1996. Proceedings from the conference to to 70 Years of Existence of the Prague Linguistic Circle and 100th Anniversary of Roman Jakobson's Birthday.
• Miloš Zelenka, "Roman Jakobson a literárněvědná slavistika v transformační etapě Pražského lingvistického kroužku", Slavia 66:3 (1997), pp 293-308.
• Josef Vachek, Prologomena k dějinám pražské školy jazykovědné , Jinočany, 1999.
• Vladimír Macura, Herta Schmid (eds.), Jan Mukařovský and the Prague School / Jan Mukařovský und die Prager Schule , Prague: Ústav pro českou literaturu AV ČR, 1999, 331 pp. Proceedings from the conference Pražská strukturalistická škola, historie a perspektivy , Dobříš, 2.-4.9.1991. [8]
• Marek Nekula, "Vilém Mathesius", in Handbook of Pragmatics , Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1999, pp 1-14, PDF . (English)
• Milan Jankovič, "Oživená tradice pražského strukturalismu", in Zlatá šedesátá. Česká literatura, kultura a společnost v letech tání, kolotání a ...zklamání , ed. Radka Denemarková, Prague: Ústav pro českou literaturu AV ČR, 2000, pp 72-81, PDF .
• Ján Bakoš, "Česko-slovenský štrukturalizmus a dejepis umenia. Pražský lingvistický krúžok a dejiny umenia", in Bakoš, Štyri trasy metodológie dejín umenia , Bratislava: SAV, 2000, pp 161-220. [9] (Slovak)
• Marek Nekula (ed.), Prager Strukturalismus: methodologische Grundlagen / Prague Structuralism: Methodological Fundamentals , Heidelberg: Winter, 2003, 224 pp. (German) / (English)
• Ondřej Sládek (ed.), Český strukturalismus po poststrukturalismu. Sborník z kolokvia pořádaného k připomenutí třicátého výročí úmrtí Jana Mukařovského (1891-1975) , Brno: Host, 2006, 244 pp.
• Eva Hajičová, "Prague School", 2006, pp 62-67, PDF . (English)
• Eva Hajičová, "Old Linguists Never Die, They Only Get Obligatorily Deleted", Computational Linguistics 32:4 (2006), pp 458-469, PDF .
• Tomáš Hoskovec, "Pražský lingvistický kroužek osmdesátiletý", Tvar 19 (2006), pp 12-13, PDF .
• Miloš Zelenka, "Prameny k literárněvědným dějinám polské emigrace a středoevropského strukturalismu", Kultúra a súčasnosť , UKF Nitra, 2007, pp 154-156.
• Bohumil Fořt, Teorie vyprávění v kontextu Pražské školy , Brno: Masaryk University, 2008, 135 pp, PDF .
• Martin Procházka, Markéta Malá, Pavlína Šaldová (eds.), The Prague School and Theories of Structure , Göttingen: V & R Unipress, 2010, 469 pp.
• Bohumil Fořt, "The Prague School From a Semiotic Point of View", Bohemica litteraria 14:1 (2011), pp 59-68, PDF . (English) [10]
• Ivona Bergmann, Sen a skutečnost v textech Pražského lingvistického kroužku a Skupiny surrealistů , Prague: Charles University, 2011, 187 pp. Dissertation. [11]
• Miloš Zelenka, "Mezi demokracií a totalitou: Pražský lingvistický kroužek v dějinách české literárněvědné slavistiky meziválečného období", Opera Slavica 21:1 (2011), pp 24-44, PDF . [12]
• Miloš Zelenka, "Pražský lingvistický kroužek: kapitola z dějin české meziválečné slavistiky", Novaya rusistika 5:Supplementum (2012), pp 55-64, PDF . [13]
• Patrick Sériot, Structure and the Whole: East, West and Non-Darwinian Biology in the Origins of Structural Linguistics , Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 2014. (English)
• "The Prague Linguistic Circle", section in Roman Jakobson , ed. Margaret Thomas, Routledge, 2014, pp 213-280. Contains six essays. Contents . [14]

On Prague school, aesthetics and avant-garde [ edit ]

• René Wellek, The Literary Theory and Aesthetics of the Prague School , Ann Arbor, 1969, 37 pp. (English)
• Jindřich Toman, "The Linguist Remains a Futurist: Roman Jakobson and the Czech Avant-Garde", in Toman, The Magic of a Common Language: Jakobson, Mathesius, Trubetzkoy, and the Prague Linguistic Circle , MIT Press, 1995, pp 217-241, PDF . (English) Review: Pospíšil (1998, CZ).
• Frank Illing, Jan Mukařovský und die Avantgarde: Die strukturalistische Ästhetik im Kontext von Poetismus und Surrealismus , Bielefeld: Aisthesis, 2001, 464 pp. (German)
• Thomas G. Winner, "The Relation of the Prague Linguistic Circle to Poetism", in The Czech Avant-Garde Literary Movement Between the Two World Wars , c2010, pp 172-184, PDF . (English)
• Michaela Pašteková, Peter Brezňan (eds.), Umenie a estetično ako sociálne a autonómne fakty. Aktuálnosť diela Jana Mukařovského , Bratislava: Slovenská asociácia pre estetiku, 2017, 307 pp. Conference proceedings. [15] [16] (Slovak)

On Prague school and phenomenology [ edit ]

• Jakobson ou le structuralisme phénoménologique: présentation, biographie, bibliographie , Paris: Seghers, 1975, 244 pp. (French)
• Elmar Holenstein, "Prague Structuralism: A Branch of the Phenomenological Movement", in Language, Literature, and Meaning 1: Problems of Literary Theory , ed. John Odmark, Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1979, pp 71-97. (English) [17]
• Květoslav Chvatík, "Husserl und Carnap", Zeitschrift für Semiotik 4 (1984), pp 421-431. (German)
• Milan Jankovič, Nesamozřejmost smyslu , Prague: Československý spisovatel, 1991.
• Milan Jankovič, Dílo jako dění smyslu , Prague: Pražská imaginace – ÚČSL ČSAV, 1992.
• Barbara H. Partee, Petr Sgall (eds.), Discourse and Meaning: Papers in honor of Eva Hajičová , John Benjamins, 1996, PDF . (English)
• Miroslav Červenka, Obléhání zevnitř , Prague: Torst, 1996, pp 106-111.
• Jan Patočka, "Die Studie Roman Jakobsons phänomenologischer Strukturalismus, eine Rezension des gleichnamigen Buches von Elmar Holenstein", in Jan Patočka: Texte. Dokumente. Bibliographie , eds. L. Hagedorn and H. R. Sepp, Prague: Oikúmené, and Munich: Alber, 1999, pp 409-418. (German)
• Herta Schmid, "Gustav Špet: projekt germenevtičeskogo napisanija istorii literatury", in G. G. Špet, Comprehensio. Treťji Špetovskije čtenija , Tomsk: Universitet Tomsk, 1999, pp 146-157. (Russian)
• Zdeněk Mathauser, "Pražská škola – avantgarda – fenomenologie", in Otázky českého kánonu , ed. Stanislava Fedrová, Prague: Ústav pro českou literaturu AV ČR, 2006, pp 257-264, PDF .
• Zdeněk Mathauser, "Ke vztahu fenomenologie a literární teorie: poznámky k vlastní knize", Svět literatury 17:35 (2007), pp 40-47, PDF .

See also [ edit ]

• Roman Jakobson
• Bratislava Linguistic Circle

Links [ edit ]

• Pražský lingvistický kroužek , Prague.
• Prague Linguistics - Linguistique de Prague (Archive.org)

• Structuralism
• Featured articles

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Linguistics in Europe: The Prague School

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The Prague School and its legacy : in linguistics, literature, semiotics, folklore, and the arts

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• 1. Contributors
• 2. Introduction (by Tobin, Yishai)
• 3. I. Prague school phonology and its theoretical and methodological implications
• 4. Functional load and diachronic phonology (by Catford, John C.)
• 5. Distinctive features in synchronic and diachronic phonology (by Liberman, Anatoly)
• 6. From segments to autosegments: Nasalization in Sudanese (by Vago, Robert M.)
• 7. Phonetics versus phonology: The prague school and beyond (by Tobin, Yishai)
• 8. II. The Prague school and functional discourse analysis
• 9. The discoursal iz of Yiddish (by Kahan-Newman, Zelda)
• 10. Frequency in communicative perspective: Some word order phenomena in Spanish (by Putte, Florimon C.M. van)
• 11. Paradigmatic structure and syntactic relations (by Schooneveld, Cornelis H. van)
• 12. Word order in children'--s literature: FSP and markedness (by Ziv, Yael)
• 13. Topic-chaining and dominance chaining (by Erteschik-Shir, Nomi)
• 14. The theme in text cohesion (by Kurzon, Dennis)
• 15. III. The Prague school and aspects of literary criticism
• 16. Literary transduction: Prague school approach (by Dolezel, Lubomir)
• 17. Dominant =
• dominant (by Arie-Gaifman, Hana)
• 18. James Joyce and the Prague school: Aesthetic foregrouding in Finnegan'--s Wake (by Henke, S.A.)
• 19. Objective features of text-analysis according to Mukarovsky (by Moked, G.)
• 20. Phonology as a pattern of analysis: The deep message of the thrillers by Ambrose Bierce (by Langleben, Maria M.)
• 21. IV. The sociological and ethnological concerns of the Prague school
• 22. The sociological concerns of the Prague school (by Matejka, Ladislav)
• 23. From folklore to folkstyle: The Prague circle'--s contribution to the ethnoinquiries (by Kaplan, Charles D.)
• 24. The relevance of structuralism to the study of nonverbal behavior (by Raffler-Engel, Walburga von)
• 25. V. The Prague school'--s semiotic approach to the arts
• 26. The dialectic functioning of Mukarovsky'--s semiotic model (by Gandelman, Claude)
• 27. A chair is a chair is a CHAIR: The object as sign in the theatrical performance (by Rokem, F.)
• 28. Semiotics of the theatre: The Prague school heritage (by Pladott, Dinnah)
• 29. Name index
• 30. Subject index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)
• 12. Word order in children's literature: FSP and markedness (by Ziv, Yael)
• 17. Dominant = tonic + dominant (by Arie-Gaifman, Hana)
• 18. James Joyce and the Prague school: Aesthetic foregrouding in Finnegan's Wake (by Henke, S.A.)
• 23. From folklore to folkstyle: The Prague circle's contribution to the ethnoinquiries (by Kaplan, Charles D.)
• 25. V. The Prague school's semiotic approach to the arts
• 26. The dialectic functioning of Mukarovsky's semiotic model (by Gandelman, Claude)

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The Prague School of Linguistics and its Influence on New Testament Language Studies

2013, The Language of the New Testament. Context, History, and Development, Brill Academic Publishers

The period from 1910 to 1930 was a time when a number of theoretical systems saw the light of the day in Central Europe: psychoanalysis, neopositivism, phenomenology, the Warsaw School of logic, Gestalt-psychology and the structuralism of the Prague School of Linguistics. The Prague School arose in the liberal-minded Prague of the 1920s and came to have an enormous influence on multiple fields within world linguistics as well as other academic fields. The Prague School of linguistics, or the École de Prague, was established by Vilém Mathesius in the mid-1920s. The school had its most active time in the 1920s and 1930s, or more precisely, from 1926 to the outbreak of World War II. The instrumental role that the Prague School linguistics played for the development of structuralism and for integrating theoretical linguistics cannot be overrated. This article addresses the relevance of the development of structuralism and functionalism within Prague School linguistics in relation to its adoption within New Testament Greek language studies. It is the thesis of this article that a great deal of the research that has been done within the discipline of New Testament language studies in the last decades, and especially the last 20 years, draws on ideas and concepts of the Prague School of Linguistics.

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The paper describes a very significant role of Bible translation in the development of the Slavic national languages. The author focuses on the Polish language which in its literary form was shaped in the Middle Ages but its full functional efficiency was reached in the 16th century. Among the medieval relics, the translation of psalms and other Bible passages played a great cultural role. However, the complete Polish translations of the Holy Bible appeared in the 16th century (Biblia Budnego, Leopolity, Wujka). Those renditions enriched the Polish language with a number of new words. Moreover, they provoked a scientific reflection on the Slavic languages. As a result, the author proposes a thesis asserting that the act of Bible philological translations contributed to further linguistic research.

Koine-Greek.com

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This is an article length review of Stanley Porter's (2015) Linguistic analysis of the Greek New Testament.

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Linguistics in europe: the prague school

1. linguistics in europe: the prague school, 5. 1. introduction, 14. 3. conclusion.

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